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Fiscal Policy: The Keynesian View and Historical Perspective
Fiscal Policy: The Keynesian View and Historical Perspective
AD1 AD2
Goods & Services
Y1 YF (real GDP)
P3 E3
P1 e1 Restrictive fiscal policy
P2 E2 restrains demand and
helps control inflation.
AD2 AD1
Goods & Services
YF Y1 (real GDP)
10 C
Dissaving
7
10.0
5.0
45º
Output
5.0 10.0 (Real GDP --
trillions of $)
13.85
45º Output
(Real GDP --
13.7 trillions of $)
13.85
Unplanned
increase
in inventories
45º Output
(Real GDP --
13.7 14.3 trillions of $)
45º Output
(Real GDP --
13.7 14.0 14.3 trillions of $)
• Keynesian equilibrium exists where planned expenditures
just equal actual output. Here that point is at $14.0 trillion.
• Full-employment for this example exists at $14.3 trillion. In
the Keynesian model, macroeconomic equilibrium does not
necessarily coincide with full-employment.
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Keynesian Equilibrium
Planned aggregate
expenditures AE = GDP
(trillions of $)
AE2
AE1
14.3
14.0
Full Employment
(potential GDP)
45º Output
(Real GDP --
14.0 14.3 trillions of $)
14.0
Full Employment
(potential GDP)
45º Output
(Real GDP --
14.0 14.3 trillions of $)