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Impression Materials
Impression Materials
GPT-8
Material –
1 Impression
compound
2 Alginate
3 Silicone Putty
• Done in patients
mouth
Material –
low fusing compound
Addition Silicone (heavy
body)
Materials –
Zinc oxide eugenol
Addition Silicone
(Medium Body)
Polyether
Irreversible
DEPT. OF PROSTHODONTICS hydrocolloids
@ CHETTINAD DENTAL COLLEGE & RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Impression material
Reversible - Agar
Hydrocolloids
1. Rosin - 30parts
2. Copal resin - 30parts
3. Carnauba wax - 10parts
4. Stearic acid - 5parts
5. Talc - 25parts
6. Coloring agent - Appropriate amount
Above the fusion temperature, the material is soft and plastic enough while the
impression is being recorded.
Plasticity of the material helps in recording the very minute details of the oral
tissues.
When the material cools down at room temp. the plasticity decreases as it
reaches fusion temperature during which the impression should be held firmly
and not to be removed
•Kneading
•It is either shown in direct flame or immersed in hot water until it is softened
• The set casts are removed by softening the compound, this is achieved by
immersing in warm water until the compound is softened to permit easy removal
of the casts.
IMPRESSION MATERIALS DR. EAZHIL.R
IMPRESSION MATERIALS DR. EAZHIL.R
IMPRESSION MATERIALS DR. EAZHIL.R
ADVANTAGES
1. Inaccurate portions can be reheated & remade without
having to repeat the entire impression
2. Can support other materials for wash impressions
3. Reusable in the same patients(but with reuse the
constituents are leached out)
4. Non irritant and non toxic
• The two strips are combined with the first sweep of the spatula and mixing is
continued until a homogenous mix is obtained, usually the mixing time is 45-60 sec.
THIS CALLED
AUTOCATALYTIC REACTION
• Addition of zinc acetate or glacial acetic acid may hasten the setting time.
• Cooling the spatula and the mixing slab may prolong the setting time
provided the temperature is not lower than dew point.
• Addition of fillers (waxes, inert oils,mineral oil clove oil) and inert powders
(kaolin, diatomous earth) can prolong the setting time.
• Type II is a thin fluid material records the tissues in a relaxed condition with little or no
compression .
DIMENSIONAL STABILITY-
• Zinc oxide eugenol is dimensionally stable.
• The impression can be preserved indefinitely without any
change that results from relaxation.
Carboxylic acids are substituted for eugenol to over come this problem.
Any caboxylic acid can react with zincoxide and form an insoluble soap by
“saponification”
The most commonly used carboxylic acid is Ortho Ethoxy Benzoic acid
(EBA)
• Reversible hydrocolloid
(Agar)
• Irreversible hydrocolloid
(Alginate)
IMPRESSION MATERIALS DR. EAZHIL.R
SYNERESIS & IMBIBITION
• Water is the dispersion medium in hydrocolloids
• Dimensional change due to either loss or gain of
water
• If left in atmosphere, water is lost to the
environment by evaporation (syneresis)
• SYNERESIS - Expression of fluid onto the surface
of the gel structures
(Agar)
DEPT. OF PROSTHODONTICS @ CHETTINAD DENTAL COLLEGE & RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Overview
(Sol) (Gel)
Soluble Alg + CaSO4 Insoluble Alg
(rapid reaction)
Calcium sulfate
Potassium alginate + Water
Trisodium phosphate
Cross-linking of Sodium
alginate
IMPRESSION MATERIALS DR. EAZHIL.R
Controlling setting time
Best regulated by the amount of retarder added
during manufacturing
– Fast setting = 1.5 - 3 mins.
– Normal setting = 3 - 4.5 mins
• Can safely influence the setting time by
altering the temperature of the water
– Cool water for mixing.
– Cool the mixing bowl & spatula
• Strain-rate dependent
• Avoid torquing or twisting when
remove the impression.
• Syneresis, imbibition
• The impression should be
exposed to air for as short a
time as possible.
• Immediately constructing the
stone cast (within 10-12 air water
mins)
• 100% relative
humidity is the best
storage environment
to preserve the
normal water content
of the impression.
Percentage of change in water
content by weight
IMPRESSION MATERIALS DR. EAZHIL.R
• Borax – Gypsum retarder
• Sodium sulfate – Gypsum accelerator
in low conc.
EASY MIX
MINIMUM REQUIREMENT OF EQUIPMENT
FLEXIBILITYOF THE SET IMPRESSION
MATERIAL
COMFORT TO THE PATIENT
ECONOMICAL
CAN RECORED DETAILS EVEN IN
PRESENCE OF SALIVA.
Disadvantages
• Absolute lack of control in the bulk of wash material
• By mixing putty, syringe material simultaneously, setting distortion of
putty included in over all distortion of impression
• Possibility of margins duplicated in putty
• Tendency of bubbles to be formed and occluded in the set impression
Disadvantages
• To confine the wash material to area of relieved
impression
• If entire area is washed - creates hydraulic displacement of
putty impression resulting in smaller dies
Disadvantages
• Relatively high viscosity & reduced flow of the monophase materials,
makes their injection onto the preparation more difficult to control
-increased incidence of surface voids
• Biocompatible
platinum salt
Silicone
• No impurities
• Biocompatible
• Supplied as 2 pastes
Polyether rubber
• No reaction by product