ECONOMICS OF CRIME

PREVENTION, PUBLIC
SAFETY & SECURITY
WHAT IS CRIME?
CRIME:
• AN ACTION OR OMISSION THAT
CONSTITUTES AN OFFENSE THAT MAY
BE PROSECUTED BY THE STATE AND IS
PUNISHABLE BY LAW.
WHAT IS CRIME
PREVENTION?
 CRIME PREVENTION
• IS THE ATTEMPT TO REDUCE AND
DETERMINE CRIME AND CRIMINALS. IT IS APPLIED
SPECIFICALLY TO EFFORTS MADE BY GOVERNMENT TO
REDUCE CRIME, ENFORCE THE LAW, AND MAINTAIN CRIMINAL
JUSTICE.
• AN ACT TO BE DONE IN ORDER THAT A CRIME COULD NOT
HAPPEN.
 HOW TO MINIMIZE CRIME?

• THROUGH CRIME PREVENTION, WE CAN

LESSEN CRIME IN OUR SOCIETY.
DON’T BE A VICTIM…
 CRIME PREVENTION TIPS
FROM THE PHILIPPINE
NATIONAL POLICE:
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL
POLICE IS COMMITTED IN
ENSURING PUBLIC SAFETY AND
REDUCING THE FEAR AND THE
INCIDENTS OF CRIME IN THE
COMMUNITY.
 CRIME PREVENTION TIPS
FROM THE PHILIPPINE
NATIONAL POLICE:
HOWEVER, THERE ARE MANY THINGS
EACH AND EVERY COMMUNITY MEMBER
CAN DO TO REDUCE THE CHANCES OF
BECOMING A VICTIM OR PREVENT CRIME
FROM HAPPENING.
 CRIME PREVENTION TIPS
FROM THE PHILIPPINE
NATIONAL POLICE:
• GET TO KNOW YOUR NEIGHBORHOOD
AND ALL THOSE RESIDING IN YOUR
STREETS. THEY WILL BE YOUR
PARTNERS IN WATCHING THE ACTIVITIES
IN THE BLOCK.
 CRIME PREVENTION TIPS
FROM THE PHILIPPINE
NATIONAL POLICE:
• ORGANIZE STREET WATCH COMPOSE OF
NEIGHBORS AS MEMBERS. BE CONCERNED AND
COOPERATE IN WATCHING ACTIVITIES ON THE
BLOCK AND REPORTING UNUSUAL SUSPICIOUS
BEHAVIORS TO THE POLICE AND THE STREET
WATCH OFFICER.
 CRIME PREVENTION TIPS
FROM THE PHILIPPINE
NATIONAL POLICE:

• EXCHANGE NAMES, HOME AND WORK

CONTACT NUMBERS AMONG THE
MEMBERS.
 CRIME PREVENTION TIPS
FROM THE PHILIPPINE
NATIONAL POLICE:

• PREPARE A DIAGRAM OF THE BLOCK OR

NEIGHBORHOOD WHERE YOU BELONG.
 CRIME PREVENTION TIPS
FROM THE PHILIPPINE
NATIONAL POLICE:
• LOOK AFTER YOUR NEIGHBOR’S HOUSE
WHEN THEY ARE AWAY AND ASK THEM
TO LOOK AFTER YOUR HOUSE, WHEN
YOU ARE AWAY.
 CRIME PREVENTION TIPS
FROM THE PHILIPPINE
NATIONAL POLICE:
• GET TO KNOW YOUR POLICE CHIEF AND MEMBERS
OF THE POLICE STATION IN YOUR AREA. WRITE
DOWN THE POLICE STATION’S EMERGENCY
HOTLINE NUMBER AND PUT IT IN A PLACE THAT
YOU CAN EASILY SEE OR ACCESS, INCASE YOU
NEED POLICE ASSISTANCE OR ADVISE.
REPORTING A CRIME:
 EMERGENCY CALLS:
• AN EMERGENCY CALL IS
DEFINED AS A
SITUATION WHERE A
PERSON’S LIFE OR
PROPERTY IS IN DANGER
OR THREATENED.
KEEPING FAMILY SAFE
• MAKE SURE THAT YOU
AND THE MEMBERS OF
THE FAMILY KNOWS
THE LOCATION OR THE
WHEREABOUTS OF
EVERY MEMBERS.
KEEPING FAMILY SAFE
• INSTRUCT ALL FAMILY MEMBERS
AND HOUSEHOLD HELP NOT TO
ENTERTAIN STRANGERS AT THE GATE
OR ON THE PHONE. CHILDREN SHALL
BE ESPECIALLY TRAINED NOT TO
CONVERSE WITH STRANGERS ON THE
PHONE.
KEEPING FAMILY SAFE

• TEACH YOUR FAMILY MEMBERS AND

HOUSEHOLD HELP TO VERIFY THE
IDENTITY OF PHONE CALLERS
BEFORE IDENTIFYING THEMSELVES.
KEEPING FAMILY SAFE
• NEVER GIVE OUT INFORMATION ON
THE LOCATION OR WHEREABOUTS
OF ANY FAMILY MEMBER TO ANYONE
ON THE PHONE. FRIENDS AND
RELATIVES SHOULD BE POLITELY
ASKED TO CALL AGAIN SO THEY CAN
PERSONALLY TALK TO THE FAMILY
 KEEPING
• INSTRUCT
FAMILY
FAMILY
SAFE
MEMBERS OR
HOUSEHOLD HELP THAT DESIGNATED
FAMILY MEMBERS MUST BE CONTACTED
IN CASES OF AN EMERGENCY OR IF
THERE ARE DUBIOUS PEOPLE AT YOUR
DOOR OR ON YOUR PHONE. LIST THE
IMPORTANT PHONE NUMBERS IN THE
FRONT OR BACK OR YOUR PHONE
 KEEPING FAMILY SAFE
• BE WARE OF PHONE SWINDLERS WHO
CALL IN AND REPORT THAT ONE FAMILY
MEMBER HAS BEEN IN AN ACCIDENT
AND IS ASKING FOR THE FAMILY
MEMBER OR HOUSEHOLD HELP BRING
CASH OR OTHER VALUABLES TO A
CERTAIN PLACE.
• VERIFY WITH OTHER FAMILY MEMBER
KEEPING FAMILY SAFE
• ADVISE YOUR CHILDREN TO REFRAIN
FROM PLAYING / LOITERING ON STREETS
OUTSIDE YOUR RESIDENCE WHERE THEY
ARE VULNERABLE TO ABDUCTION.
ADVISE THEM NEVER TO LEAVE HOME
WITHOUT TELLING YOU OF THEIR
DESTINATION AND EXPECTED TIME OF
ARRIVAL.
SAFETY TIPS ON THE STREETS
 SAFETY TIPS ON THE
•STREETS:
DAY OR NIGHT DO NOT WALK ON
UNSAFE ALLEYS, UNSAFE SHORT CUTS
AND ESPECIALLY ON DARK STREETS.
• STAY AWAY FROM DARK ISOLATED
PLACES OR VACANT LOTS AT NIGHT.
THESE AREAS ARE USUALLY HANGOUTS
PLACES FOR CRIMINALS. DO NOT TAKE
SAFETY TIPS ON THE
STREETS:
• DO NOT WALK BETWEEN PARKED CARS
IN PARKING LOTS. AVOID WALKING
ALONE IN UNCERTAIN PLACES. AT NIGHT
TIME, WAIT FOR BUSES, JEEPNEYS, TAXI
CABS AT WELL ILLUMINATED PLACES OR
PUV STOPS.
SAFETY TIPS ON THE
STREETS:
• WHEN GOING TO ECONOMICALLY
DEPRESSED COMMUNITIES, DO NOT
WEAR EXPENSIVE JEWELRIES AND
CARRY SUBSTANTIAL CASH. IF YOU
DECIDE TO GO TO SUCH PLACES,
REMOVED ALL YOUR VALUABLES, THIS
MAY SAVE YOUR LIFE.
SAFETY TIPS ON THE
STREETS:
• WHEN GOING TO ECONOMICALLY
DEPRESSED COMMUNITIES, DO NOT
WEAR EXPENSIVE JEWELRIES AND
CARRY SUBSTANTIAL CASH. IF YOU
DECIDE TO GO TO SUCH PLACES,
REMOVED ALL YOUR VALUABLES, THIS
MAY SAVE YOUR LIFE.
SAFETY TIPS ON THE
STREETS:
• WHEN GOING TO ECONOMICALLY
DEPRESSED COMMUNITIES, DO NOT
WEAR EXPENSIVE JEWELRIES AND
CARRY SUBSTANTIAL CASH. IF YOU
DECIDE TO GO TO SUCH PLACES,
REMOVED ALL YOUR VALUABLES, THIS
MAY SAVE YOUR LIFE.
POINTERS FOR CHILDREN
1. DON’T ACCEPT INVITATIONS OR GIFTS FROM
STRANGERS
2. GO STRAIT HOME AFTER CLASS
3. REPORT SUSPICIOUS PERSON AROUND THE SCHOOL OR
HOUSE TO SOMEONE IN AUTHORITY
4. MAKE SURE THAT YOU ARE WITH SOMEONE WHEN YOU
WATCH A MOVIE
5. INFORM YOUR PARENTS ABOUT YOUR WHEREABOUTS
AND WHOM ARE YOU WITH
6. BE WARY OF DRUG PUSHERS. REPORT THEM
 POINTERS FOR CHILDREN
7. ALWAYS ATTEND PARTIES IN GROUPS
8. AVOID HARD DRINKS AND DRUGS, IT POISONS THE BODY
9. AVOID SMOKING, DRINKING AND GAMBLING, THESE ARE
VICES WHICH ATTRACTS BAD ELEMENTS
10.KEEP YOUR PERSONAL BELONGINGS SAFE BEFORE
LEAVING YOUR DORMITORY/BOARDING HOUSE
11.KEEP YOUR BOOKS, EQUIPMENT OR TOOLS IN SAFE
PLACES LIKE LOCKERS
12.AVOID LOITERING IN DARK AREAS
 WHAT TO DO IF YOU ARE UNDER THREAT

• IF THERE ARE SUSPICIOUS SOUNDS OR SHADOWS IN YOUR HOME,

TRY TO CONTACT POLICE QUIETLY, SO THEY WILL NOT KNOW THAT
YOU ARE AWARE OF THEIR PRESENCE
• IF YOU ARE AWAKEN BY INTRUDERS, YOU HAVE SEVERAL OPTIONS:
• LAY DOWN QUIETLY TO AVOID ATTRACTING ATTENTION
• YOU MAY CHOOSE TO TURN ON THE LIGHTS AND MAKE NOISE BY
MOVING AROUND, THERE BY ALARMING THEM THAT YOU ARE
AWAKE AND SCARRING THEM TO LEAVE YOUR HOME
• IF YOU ARE ALONE, YOU CAN SPEAK LOUDLY, AS IF YOU ARE
TALKING TO SOMEONE, MAKING THEM BELIEVE YOU ARE NOT ALONE
 WHAT TO DO IF YOU ARE UNDER THREAT
• IF A CRIME HAS BEEN DONE WHEN YOU ARRIVE, DO NOT
ATTEMPT TO ENTER, BECAUSE THEY MAY BE STILL INSIDE,
GO TO YOUR NEAREST NEIGHBOR AND CALL THE POLICE
• REMAIN CALM
• NOTE ALL THE PECULIARITIES AND MANNERISMS OR THE
CULPRIT, IF YOU COME FACE-TO-FACE WITH THEM.
TATTOO, MARKS, SPEECH, MOLES, ETC. THESE WILL HELP
POLICE TO FIND THEM
• CALL THE POLICE IMMEDIATELY
IN THE EVENT OF AN EMERGENCY, DO
NOT PANIC…
PUBLIC SAFETY AND
PUBLIC ORDER
NATIONAL SECURITY AND PUBLIC
ORDER ARE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS IN
BUILDING THE FOUNDATION FOR
INCLUSIVE GROWTH, A HIGH TRUST
AND RESILIENT SOCIETY, AND A
GLOBALLY COMPETITIVE KNOWLEDGE
ECONOMY.
PEOPLE FEEL SAFE WHEREVER THEY ARE IN
THE COUNTRY AND ARE ABLE TO GO ABOUT
THEIR BUSINESS, ECONOMIC OR SOCIAL
PURSUITS AS LONG AS THEY DO NOT VIOLATE
OTHER PEOPLE’S ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND
CULTURAL RIGHTS. SUCH A CONDITION
ENABLES THE FREE FLOW OF GOODS AND
SERVICES.
ASSESSMENT AND
CHALLENGES
THE PREVIOUS PHILIPPINE DEVELOPMENT
PLAN EMPHASIZED THE NEED TO SAFEGUARD
THE COUNTRY’S TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY,
SOVEREIGNTY, AND SOVEREIGN RIGHT. WHILE
TARGETS HAVE BEEN MET, EFFORTS NOW NEED
TO BE INTENSIFIED TO ERADICATE CRIME,
ILLEGAL DRUGS, AND CORRUPTION.
THE GOVERNMENT MUST UPGRADE THE
CAPABILITY OF LAW ENFORCERS TO
DRASTICALLY REDUCE CRIMINALITY AND
TERRORISM, AND TO ENSURE THE SAFETY AND
SECURITY OF ALL PEOPLE IN THE COUNTRY.
THE COUNTRY NEEDS TO ENHANCE ITS
DIPLOMATIC AND DEFENSE CAPABILITY TO
PROTECT ITS SOVEREIGNTY AND TERRITORIAL
INTEGRITY. THE PASSAGE OF THE REVISED
ARMED FORCES OF THE PHILIPPINES (AFP)
MODERNIZATION ACT OR REPUBLIC ACT (RA)
10349 ENSURED THE ALLOCATION OF FUNDS
FOR THE BUILD-UP OF AIRCRAFT, VESSELS,
AND MATERIEL TO ENABLE THE COUNTRY TO
ATTAIN A MORE CREDIBLE DEFENSE POSTURE.
IN TERMS OF EXTERNAL SECURITY AND
SOVEREIGNTY, THE COUNTRY ASSERTED ITS
CLAIMS AND SOVEREIGNTY WITH THE
FAVORABLE RULING OF THE PERMANENT
COURT OF ARBITRATION (PCA) ON THE SOUTH
CHINA SEA ARBITRATION CASE.
THE CASE INVOLVED DISPUTES ON MARITIME
JURISDICTIONS AND ENTITLEMENTS IN THE
WEST PHILIPPINE SEA, AND ARBITRATION
PROCEEDED DESPITE CHINA’S REFUSAL TO
PARTICIPATE.
IN ADDITION, THE PHILIPPINES ACHIEVED A
LANDMARK AGREEMENT IN 2014 TO DEFINE
THE EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE BOUNDARY
WITH INDONESIA. BILLS ON MARITIME ZONES
AND ARCHIPELAGIC SEA LANES WERE
INTRODUCED IN CONGRESS IN 2015 TO
STRENGTHEN ADHERENCE TO THE PROVISIONS
OF THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE
LAW OF THE SEA (UNCLOS).
DESPITE THE DECISION OF THE PCA ON THE
CASE FILED BY THE PHILIPPINES PERTAINING
TO CONFLICTING CLAIMS OF MARITIME
JURISDICTION AND ENTITLEMENTS UNDER
UNCLOS, THE DISPUTE IN THE WEST
PHILIPPINE SEA WILL CONTINUE TO BE THE
MAIN CHALLENGE TO EXTERNAL SECURITY
DURING THIS PLAN PERIOD, AND EVEN IN THE
LONGER TERM GIVEN THE MAGNITUDE AND
COMPLEXITY OF THE PROBLEM.
OTHER TERRITORIAL OR JURISDICTIONAL
PROBLEMS SUCH AS MARITIME BOUNDARY
DELIMITATIONS WITH OTHER NEIGHBORING
COUNTRIES WILL ALSO NEED TO BE
ADDRESSED.
THE COUNTRY FORGED STRATEGIC
PARTNERSHIPS AND BILATERAL AGREEMENTS
WITH OTHER COUNTRIES, WHICH FOCUSED ON
POLITICAL, SECURITY, AND DEFENSE
COOPERATION AND OTHER MATTERS RELATED
TO SOVEREIGNTY AND TERRITORIAL
INTEGRITY.
ALONG WITH THESE AGREEMENTS, DEFENSE
AND SECURITY ASSETS AND ASSISTANCE WERE
PROVIDED AND COMMITTED BY PARTNER
COUNTRIES THROUGH DIPLOMATIC
CHANNELS.
THESE INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:
• HUMANITARIAN AND DISASTER RESPONSE
• INFRASTRUCTURE AND MATERIAL UPGRADE
• COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
• CAPACITY BUILDING FOR MARITIME
SECURITY
• SEARCH AND RESCUE
• COUNTER-TERRORISM.
• TARGETS IN CRIME VOLUME AND SOLUTION
EFFICIENCY WERE MET, BUT EFFORTS NEED
TO BE STRENGTHENED GIVEN THE
MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM.

• THE GOVERNMENT EXERTED EFFORTS TO

PREVENT AND SUPPRESS SECURITY RISKS TO
CITIZENS, GUESTS, TOURISTS, AND VITAL
INFRASTRUCTURE (E.G., POWER FACILITIES,
TELECOMMUNICATION TOWERS, MINING
AREAS, ETC.).
CRIME VOLUME WAS REDUCED BY ALMOST 20
PERCENT FROM 2013 TO 2015 DUE TO
INTENSIFIED POLICE INTERVENTIONS SUCH AS
THE CREATION OF PATROL OPERATIONS
SECTIONS, CONDUCT OF OPERATION LAMBAT-
SIBAT AND VARIOUS ANTI-CRIMINALITY AND
LAW ENFORCEMENT CAMPAIGNS.
OPERATION LAMBAT-SIBAT IS A DELIBERATE,
PROGRAMMATIC, AND SUSTAINED POLICE
OPERATION SUPPORTED BY SCIENTIFIC CRIME
REPORTING WITH A WIDE DRAGNET AND
INTEL-TARGETED OPERATIONS TO CATCH
SMALL TIME CRIMINALS AND REPEAT
OFFENDERS.
THESE INITIATIVES WERE COMPLEMENTED BY
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF INTELLIGENCE
NETWORKS DOWN TO THE BARANGAY LEVEL
THAT CONTRIBUTED TO THE SUCCESS OF
POLICE OPERATIONS.
ALTHOUGH ITS VOLUME HAS BEEN REDUCED,
CRIME REMAINS A SIGNIFICANT CONCERN
ESPECIALLY IN URBAN AREAS. IN 2015, THE
HIGHEST CRIME INCIDENCE WAS POSTED IN
THE NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION FOLLOWED
BY THE CENTRAL LUZON AND CENTRAL
VISAYAS REGIONS.
ACCORDING TO THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL
POLICE (PNP), THE MOST COMMON CRIMES
REPORTED IN 2015 WERE THEFT, PHYSICAL
INJURY, AND ROBBERY. THERE WERE LESS
INCIDENTS OF PICKPOCKETING, CARJACKING,
AND KIDNAPPING REPORTED.
SOLVING CRIMES IS A CHALLENGE IN LAW
ENFORCEMENT AS IT IS AFFECTED BY SEVERAL
FACTORS BEYOND THE CONTROL OF THE LAW
ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES. THESE INCLUDE
PEOPLE’S WILLINGNESS TO TESTIFY AS
WITNESS AND THE EFFICIENCY OF THE
PILLARS OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM.
NEVERTHELESS, CRIME SOLUTION EFFICIENCY
(CSE) HAS IMPROVED. ALTHOUGH IT
SURPASSED THE END OF PLAN TARGET, IT
REMAINS RELATIVELY LOW.
END OF MODULE 1