Observe the pictures

Two General
Classification of
Cell
 Eukaryotes

 With true nucleus

 Have nuclear
membrane to
compartmentalize
its components
Prokaryotes
 Do not have true nucleus
 Have nucleoid region
where the circular DNA
is found
 Cell wall is present
 Ribosomes and flagella
are present
 Have two groups:
archaebacteria and
eubacteria
CHARACTERISTICS OF
BACTERIA
They are very tiny
compared to the cells
of multicellular plants or
animals

They lack
membrane-
bounded nucleus,
mitochondria,E.R,
Golgi apparatus
and lysosomes
MODE OF REPRODUCTION
TRANSVERSE
BINARY FISSION
- A cell forms by the
division of a mother
cell, grows to
maturity and starts
dividing in a period
of only 20 minutes.
 ARCHAE DOMAIN: KINGDOM
ARCHAEBACTERIA
- Archae means ancient
- Can live in a most extreme environment, volcanic hot spring,
brine pools, black organic mud that lacks O2 and dump site
 Group Characteristics Representative
species
Thermophile Heat loving Thermus
aquaticus
Methanogen Release methane Methanobacterium
as by product ruminatum
Halophile Salt loving Halobacterium
salinarum
Acidophiles Acid loving Ferroplasma
acidarmanus
 Group Picture

Thermophile Heat loving

Methanogen Release methane as by

product

Halophile Salt loving

Acidophiles Acid loving

 BACTERIA DOMAIN:
KINGDOM
EUBACTERIA
- Known as the true bacteria
- Classified based on their shape
- Cell walls are made of
peptidoglycan
 TYPES OF BACTERIA
1. COCCUS- cell that is sphere shaped
or globular(round.)

Diplococcus Two cocci

Streptococcus Chain of
cocci

Tetrad Groups of four

cells arranged
as a square
 Cubes or
Sarcina pockets of
cells (8
cocci)

Staphylococcus Clusters of
cocci
 2. BACILLUS- (bacilli) cells that are
cylindrical or rod shaped.

Cells in
Diplobacillus
pairs

Cells joined
end to end
Streptobacillus forming a
filament or
thread
3. Spiral – cells that are twisted

cells that are in

Spirillum-(spirilla) the form of or
corkscrews.
BENEFICIAL EUBACTERIA
- Cyanobacteria
- Lactobacilli
- Nitrogen fixing bacteria
- Antibiotics
- Pesticide
- Bioremediation
- Decomposers
Cyanobacteria
 photosynthetic
bacteria: They have a
photosynthetic
pigment and carry
out photosynthesis.
They were formerly
classified as blue-
green algae.
Lactobacilli
-bacterium producing
lactic acid: a rod-
shaped bacterium that
produces lactic acid
through fermentation.
-Ex. Lactobacillus
bulgaricus and
Streptococcus
thermophilus, and
sometimes Lactobacillus
acidophilus.
 Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria
 microorganisms capable of
transforming atmospheric
nitrogen into fixed nitrogen,
inorganic compounds
usable by plants
 They combine nitrogen with
hydrogen and oxygen to
make ammonia or nitrates.
 Ex. Rhizobium, Anabaena
azollae, Azotobacter
Antibiotics
 Substances that kill  Streptomyces
or inhibit disease- venezuelae –
causing organisms. produces
 Streptomycin used chloramphenicol
to treat tubercolosis used in killing bactria
and certain types of causes typhoid fever
pneumonia is made and skin infections
by Streptomyces  Escherichia coli –
griseus synthesize vit. B12
Pesticide
 pest-killing compound: a
chemical substance used to kill
pests, especially insects
 Ex. Bacillus thuringiensis
Bioremediation
 Break down or remove pollutants
 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter
baumanii, Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus,
Bordetella bronchiseptica and
Lysinibacillus sphaericus– help solve the
problem of oil spills
HARMFUL BACTERIA
Pathogenic bacteria- those that cause
diseases. They act by releasing toxins
(poison). A poison may attack the
entire nervous system and kidney.
Some bacteria have exotoxin
or endotoxin
 Exotoxins are proteins  Endotoxins are
in nature. lipopolysaccharide
(lipid and
 Ex. Clostridium
carbohydrate) in
botulinum releases nature.
exotoxin causing
 These are part of some
paralysis
bacterial cell wall. It is
released when the
bacteria undergo lysis
 Ex. Salmonella typhi (damage of the cell by
releases endotoxin breaking the cell
causing typhoid fever membrane.)
 Propionibacterium  Escherichia coli –
acnes – pimple causing produce poisons
bacterium causing diarrhea or
 Mycobacterium kidney damage and
tubercolosis – causing even death if located
tubercolosis in other parts of the
 Leptospira interrogans body except stomach
– a spirochete and small intestine
bacterium causing
leptospirosis
 Bacillus anthracis –
causing anthrax
APPLICATION
How often do you wash
your hands?

Why is it necessary for us

to wash our hands?

Do hand sanitizers really

work in killing all the
germs?
 QUIZ
Directions: On ¼ sheet of paper
answer the following questions.
Write only the letter of your
choice.
1. Where are the genetic materials of
bacteria found?
A. Nucleoid region
B. Ribosomes
C. Nucleus
D. Capsule
2. Which does not belong to the group
in the classification of bacteria?
A.Tetrad
B.Coccus
C.Bacillus
D.Sarcinae
3. Nitrogen fixation is used to trap
nitrogen gas from the atmosphere. It is
important in the nitrogen cycle. Which is
NOT used in nitrogen fixation?
A.Azotobacter
B.Salmonella
C.Rhizobium
D.Anabaena
4. Two (2) undergo binary fission. How
many cells are produced in the process?
A.2
B.4
C.6
D.8
5. Which will thrive in temperature
exceeding 90 degrees Celsius.
A.Thermophiles
B.Methanogens
C.Acidophiles
D.Halophiles
6. Which is an example of a salt loving
archaebacteria?
A.Methanobacterium
B.Thermoplasma
C.Halobactrium
D.Ferroplasma
7. In tetrad, how many bacterial cells
are associated?
A.4
B.8
C.12
D.16
8. Which is used in the production of
cheese from milk?
A.Clostridium
B.Salmonella
C.Lactobacillus
D.Staphylococcus
9. Which is true for methanogen?
A.Uses methane in metabolism
B.Converts methane to salt or acid
C.Releases methane as by product
D.Disrupts methane production in
bioremediation
10. Which concept promotes the idea
that bacteria are not always harmful?
A.Paralysis
B.Probiotics
C.Endotoxins
D.Competition
ANSWER
1. Where are the genetic materials of
bacteria found?
A. Nucleoid region
B. Ribosomes
C. Nucleus
D. Capsule
2. Which does not belong to the group
in the classification of bacteria?
A.Tetrad
B.Coccus
C.Bacillus
D.Sarcinae
3. Nitrogen fixation is used to trap
nitrogen gas from the atmosphere. It is
important in the nitrogen cycle. Which is
NOT used in nitrogen fixation?
A.Azotobacter
B.Salmonella
C.Rhizobium
D.Anabaena
4. Two (2) bacteria undergo binary
fission. How many cells are produced in
the process?
A.2
B.4
C.6
D.8
5. Which will thrive in temperature
exceeding 90 degrees Celsius.
A.Thermophiles
B.Methanogens
C.Acidophiles
D.Halophiles
6. Which is an example of a salt loving
archaebacteria?
A.Methanobacterium
B.Thermoplasma
C.Halobactrium
D.Ferroplasma
7. In tetrad, how many bacterial cells
are associated?
A.4
B.8
C.12
D.16
8. Which is used in the production of
cheese from milk?
A.Clostridium
B.Salmonella
C.Lactobacillus
D.Staphylococcus
9. Which is true for methanogen?
A.Uses methane in metabolism
B.Converts methane to salt or acid
C.Releases methane as by product
D.Disrupts methane production in
bioremediation
10. Which concept promotes the idea
that bacteria are not always harmful?
A.Paralysis
B.Probiotics
C.Endotoxins
D.Competition
 “Happiness and bacteria
have one thing in common;
they multiply by dividing!” 
― Rutvik Oza
Give examples of bacteria that could
degrade plastics.

REFERENCES:
Biology books; internet
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Reproduction or redistribution of all, or
part, of this presentation without
written permission is prohibited.

Instructional Materials Service

Antipolo National High School
1870 Antipolo City
Science Department, (+632) 408-80-03

CHRISTIAN A. VIERNES
Author
christianviernes1004@yahoo.com
2013