WHY ?

PLM
( Product Lifecycle Management )

Need
P L M ( Product Lifecycle Mangement )

• CONCEPT 1) N eed
P L M ( Product Lifecycle Mangement )

1)
N EED
CA D 2) Concept
P L M ( Product Lifecycle Mangement )
1)
N EED
CA E 2) Concept
3) C A D
P L M ( Product Lifecycle Mangement )
1) Need
2) C oncept
CAM 3) C A D
4) C A E
WHY ?

P L M ( Product Lifecycle Mangement )

• Need

• Concept

• CAD

• CAE

• CAM

• Manufacturing

• Quality

• Sales and Services

 DEGREE OF FREEDOM
Degree of Freedom of a object in space is
defined as number of independent variable
required to completely constraint
the motion of object .

G e ne ra lly s pe a k i ng we h ave 6 D O F

3 – Trans latio n (alon g x , y and z)

3 – Rotational ( about x , y and z)
.
 DEGREE OF FREEDOM
Y

X
Z
JUST HOW IMPORTANT IS DOF !!!!
INTUITION OF CAE SOFTWARE'S
INTUITION OF CAE SOFTWARE'S
WHAT IS SOLUTION
 WHAT IS SOLUTION

Total Number of Points = ∞= DOF per Point = 6

Total Calculation = ∞ × 6 = ∞
 WHAT IS SOLUTION

Total Number of Points = 66= DOF per Point = 6

Total Calculation = 66 × 6 = 396
 MESHING
Meshing is the nothing but discretization of geometry .

With the help of meshing you want to convert infinite

degrees of freedom into finite degrees of freedom .

After that instead of performing calculation for entire

domain we will perform calculation at corner points ( in
FEM ) and interpolate those results for entire domain .
 Common Types of Elements Two-Dimensional Elements
Triangular, Quadrilateral
Plates, Shells, 2-D Continua
One-Dimensional Elements
Line
Rods, Beams, Trusses, Frames

Three-Dimensional Elements
Tetrahedral, Rectangular Prism (Brick)
3-D Continua
 DISCRETIZATION EXAMPLES

(Node)


(Discretization with 228 Elements)



(Triangular Element)

(Discretization with 912 Elements)

WHAT IS CAE
• C A E stands for Computer Aided Engineering

• It uses a computer software to simulate a

performance in order to improve product
design or assist in the resolution of
engineering problems for wide range of
industries.
• This includes simulation , validation, and
optimization of products , processes and
manufacturing tools.
 HOW CAE IS ABLE TO DO ALL
THIS !!!
• CAE uses “Numerical Methods” to get the
solutions
• FEM / FEA (finite element method)
• BEM (boundary element method)
• FVM ( f i n i t e Vo l u m e m e t h o d )
• FDM (finite difference method)
 Methods to Solve Any Engineering Problem
Analytical Method
• Classical approach
• 100 % accurate results
• Applicable only for simple
problems like cantilever &
simply supported beam
• Complete in itself
Numerical Method
• Mathematical representation
• Approximate solution
• Real life complicated
problem
• Results can not be trusted
blindly, must be verified
Experimental Method
• Actual measurement
• Time consuming, needs
expensive setup
• Physical prototype is
required
• Most accurate results
 TYPES OF NUMERICAL
METHOD
1. FEM ( Finite Element Method )
• Most popular numerical method
• Used for Linear , Nonlinear , Buckling , Thermal ,
Dynamic and Fatigue analysis
• FEA and FEM are one and the same
• Displacement calculations are performed at nodes
(corner points ) .
• Stress calculation are performed at integration point
 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
• Finite Element Method is numerical technique
used to determine the approximate solution of a
partial differential equation as well as ordinary
differential equation

• FEA and FEM are one and the same

• Software will convert our problem in the form of

stiffness matrix and it will solve
that matrix to get results or solution