The Female Reproductive System Stores Ova : Lesson

The Female Reproductive System
Lesson 3
The female reproductive system stores ova…
…that unite with sperm in the process of reproduction.

Lesson Objectives
Lesson 3
In this lesson, you will learn to:
• Describe the parts and functions of the female

reproductive system
• Examine the care of the female reproduction system and

identify situations requiring professional health services
• Explain the importance of abstinence as it relates to the

prevention of STDs
Lesson 3
Functions of the Female Reproductive System
• The female reproductive system produces female sex

hormones and stores ova.
• The uterus nourishes and protects the fertilized ovum from

conception until birth.
Lesson 3
Structure and Function of the Female Reproductive System
Structure of the Female Reproductive System
• At birth a female’s ovaries contain more than 400,000

immature ova, or eggs.
• During ovulation, the right ovary will release a mature

ovum one month, and the left ovary will release one the
next month.
Lesson 3
Female Reproductive Organs
• When a mature ovum is released from the ovary, it moves to

one of the fallopian tubes.
• Tiny hairlike structures called cilia work, along with muscular

contractions in the fallopian tubes, to move the ovum along.
• Sperm from the male enter the female reproductive system

through the vagina.
Lesson 3
Female Reproductive System

Lesson 3
Fertilization
• The fertilization of an egg by a sperm produces a cell called a

zygote.
• When the zygote leaves the fallopian tube, it enters the

uterus.
• In preparation for receiving the zygote, the uterine wall has

thickened and is rich in blood, which enables the uterus to
nourish the zygote.
• The developing fetus will remain attached to the uterine wall

until birth.
Lesson 3
Menstruation
• In a mature female, each month the uterus prepares for

possible pregnancy.
• If pregnancy doesn’t occur, the thickened lining of the uterus,

called the endometrium, isn’t needed, and it breaks down
into blood, tissue, and fluids.
• These materials pass through the cervix.
• This is called menstruation and is part of the menstrual cycle.

Lesson 3
The Menstrual Cycle

Care of the Female Reproductive System
Lesson 3
Tips for a Healthy Female Reproductive System
Bathe regularly.
Change tampons or
sanitary pads every few
hours.
Practice abstinence from

sexual activity.
Care of the Female Reproductive System
Lesson 3
Breast Self-Exam
• Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second

leading cause of death, after lung cancer, for women in the
United States.
• The American Cancer Society recommends that females

examine their breasts once a month.
• Early detection is an important factor in the successful

treatment of breast cancer.
Problems of the Female Reproductive System
Lesson 3
Menstrual Cramps
• Menstrual cramps sometimes occur at the beginning of a

menstrual period.
• Light exercise or applying a heating pad to the abdominal

area may help relieve symptoms.
• A health care professional may recommend medication for

pain relief.
• Severe or persistent cramping, called dysmenorrhea, may be

an indication that professional health services are required.
Lesson 3
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
• PMS is a disorder caused by hormonal changes.
• Its symptoms, which may be experienced one to two weeks

before menstruation, include nervous tension, anxiety,
irritability, bloating, depression, and mood swings.
• Regular physical activity and good nutrition may reduce the

severity of symptoms.
Lesson 3
Problems Related to Infertility
Endometriosis
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Lesson 3
Endometriosis
• This painful, chronic disease occurs when tissue that lines

the uterus migrates and grows in the ovaries, fallopian
tubes, the uterus, or the lining of the pelvic cavity.
• Treatments include pain medications, hormone therapy, and

surgery.
Lesson 3
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
• PID is an infection of the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and the

surrounding areas of the pelvis.
• It can damage a female’s reproductive organs.
• PID usually is caused by sexually transmitted diseases

(STDs).
Lesson 3
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
• Sexually transmitted diseases are the most common causes

of infertility and other disorders of the reproductive system.
• Often symptoms of STDs are not evident in females unless a

medical examination is performed.
• Avoiding sexual contact until marriage is the one sure way to

prevent STDs.
Lesson 3
Other Female Reproductive Disorders
• Vaginitis, caused by bacterial vaginosis, is the most
common vaginal infection in women of childbearing age,
and it is often accompanied by discharge, odor, pain,
itching, or burning.
• Blocked fallopian tubes, the leading cause of infertility,

may result from PID, abdominal surgery, STDs, or
endometriosis.
• Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs on the ovary. Larger

cysts may require surgery.
• Cervical, uterine, and ovarian cancer occur in the

female reproductive system.
Lesson 3
Quick Review
Lesson 3
Choose the appropriate option.
Q. A muscular, elastic 1. ovum
passageway that extends from 2. vagina

the uterus to the outside of the
body is known as the 3. cervix
_________.
4. uterus
Quick Review - Answer
Lesson 3
A. 2. vagina
A muscular, elastic passageway that extends
from the
uterus to the outside of the body is known as the vagina.
Click Next to attempt another question.

Quick Review
Lesson 3
Q. The cervix draws in and True
moves the ovum from the

ovaries to the uterus. False
Lesson 3
A. False. Cilia draw in and move the ovum from the

ovaries to the uterus.

Quick Review
Lesson 3
1. Endometriosis
Q. Which of the following is 2. Heart disease
not a cause of infertility in
females? 3. Pelvic inflammatory
disease (PID)
4. Sexually transmitted
diseases (STDs)
Lesson 3
A. 2. Heart disease
Causes of infertility in females do not include heart
disease.

Quick Review
Lesson 3
Q. It is important for every True

female to have regular pelvic
exams starting at age 18 or
when recommended by her False
physician.
Lesson 3
A. True. It is important for every female to have regular

pelvic exams starting at age 18 or when recommended
by her physician.

Lesson 3
End of Lesson 3
Click Home to view the Main menu.

Lesson 3
A. Correct! A muscular, elastic passageway that extends

from the uterus to the outside of the body is known as
the vagina.

Lesson 3
You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try

again, or click Next to view the correct answer.
Lesson 3


Ova
Ova are
conception until birth. are
female
female
reproductive
reproductive
cells.
cells.
Lesson 3


conception until birth.
The
The uterus
uterus is
is aa
hollow,
hollow, muscular,
muscular,
pear-shaped
pear-shaped organ
organ
inside
inside aa female’s
female’s
body.
body.
Lesson 3

Ovaries
• During ovulation, are
the right
Ovaries the
areovary
the will release a mature
female
female sex
ovum one month, sex glands
and glands
the left ovary will release one the
that
next month.that store
store the
the ova
ova
and
and produce
produce female
female
sex
sex hormones.
hormones.
Lesson 3

• During ovulation, the right ovary will release a mature

ovum one month, and the left ovary will release one the
next month.
Ovulation
Ovulation isis the
the
process
process of
of releasing
releasing
aa mature
mature ovum
ovum into
into
the
the uterine
uterine tube
tube
each
each month.
month.
Lesson 3


contractionsFallopian tubes
in the fallopian
Fallopian tubes tubes, to move the ovum along.
are
are aa pair
pair of
of tubes
tubes
• Spermwith
fromfingerlike
with the male enter the female reproductive system
fingerlike
through the vagina.
projections
projections that
that
draw
draw in in the
the ovum.
ovum.
Lesson 3


contractions in the fallopian The vagina
tubes,
The is
is aa the ovum along.
to move
vagina
muscular,
muscular, elastic
elastic
• Sperm from the male enter the female
passageway
passageway thatreproductive system
that
through the vagina. extends
extends from
from the
the
uterus
uterus to
to the
the outside
outside of of
the
the body.
body.
Lesson 3
Menstruation

possible pregnancy.
Cervix
Cervix is
is
the
the opening
opening
called the endometrium, isn’t needed, and it breaks down into
to
to the
the uterus.
uterus.
blood, tissue, and fluids.

Lesson 3
Menstruation

possible pregnancy.

Menstruation
called the endometrium,
Menstruationisn’t needed, and it breaks down into
is
is the
blood, tissue, shedding
and
the fluids. of
shedding of
the
the uterine
uterine lining.
lining.

Lesson 3
A. Correct! Cilia draw in and move the ovum from the

ovaries to the uterus.

Lesson 3

Lesson 3
A. Correct! Causes of infertility in females do not include:

heart disease.

Lesson 3

Lesson 3
A. Correct! It is important for every female to have regular

pelvic exams starting at age 18 or when recommended by
her physician.

Lesson 3


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The Female Reproductive System

…that unite with sperm in the process of reproduction.

• Describe the parts and functions of the female

• Examine the care of the female reproduction system and

• Explain the importance of abstinence as it relates to the

• The female reproductive system produces female sex

• The uterus nourishes and protects the fertilized ovum from

Structure of the Female Reproductive System

• At birth a female’s ovaries contain more than 400,000

• During ovulation, the right ovary will release a mature

Female Reproductive Organs

• When a mature ovum is released from the ovary, it moves to

• Tiny hairlike structures called cilia work, along with muscular

• Sperm from the male enter the female reproductive system

Female Reproductive System

• The fertilization of an egg by a sperm produces a cell called a

• When the zygote leaves the fallopian tube, it enters the

• In preparation for receiving the zygote, the uterine wall has

• The developing fetus will remain attached to the uterine wall

• In a mature female, each month the uterus prepares for

• If pregnancy doesn’t occur, the thickened lining of the uterus,

• These materials pass through the cervix.

• This is called menstruation and is part of the menstrual cycle.

The Menstrual Cycle

Practice abstinence from

• Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second

• The American Cancer Society recommends that females

• Early detection is an important factor in the successful

• Menstrual cramps sometimes occur at the beginning of a

• Light exercise or applying a heating pad to the abdominal

• A health care professional may recommend medication for

• Severe or persistent cramping, called dysmenorrhea, may be

• PMS is a disorder caused by hormonal changes.

• Its symptoms, which may be experienced one to two weeks

• Regular physical activity and good nutrition may reduce the

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

• This painful, chronic disease occurs when tissue that lines

• Treatments include pain medications, hormone therapy, and

• PID is an infection of the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and the

• It can damage a female’s reproductive organs.

• PID usually is caused by sexually transmitted diseases

• Sexually transmitted diseases are the most common causes

• Often symptoms of STDs are not evident in females unless a

• Avoiding sexual contact until marriage is the one sure way to

• Blocked fallopian tubes, the leading cause of infertility,

• Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs on the ovary. Larger

• Cervical, uterine, and ovarian cancer occur in the

Choose the appropriate option.

Q. A muscular, elastic 1. ovum

passageway that extends from 2. vagina

Click Next to attempt another question.

Choose the appropriate option.

Q. The cervix draws in and True

moves the ovum from the

A. False. Cilia draw in and move the ovum from the

Click Next to attempt another question.

Choose the appropriate option.

Click Next to attempt another question.

Choose the appropriate option.

Q. It is important for every True

A. True. It is important for every female to have regular

Click Next to attempt another question.