Remembering

Rizal
NATAN, ANGELICA
BSA1A
 The Life of Rizal
o Born on June 19, 1861
o Town of Calamba, Laguna Province
o Main Livelihood: Physician (ophthalmic
surgeon), poet, novelist, sculptor, educator, etc.
o Major Products: sugar and rice and tropical fruits
o Southern Part of town lies Mount Makiling while
on the other side is Laguna de Bay
oRizal’s Love for Nature
Figure 1: Dr. Jose Rizal
 Ancestors
oJose Rizal’s Father: Francisco Mercado
- a wealthy farmer
- leased lands from Dominican priests
oEarliest Ancestors
-Siang-co and Zun-nio later gave birth to
Domingo Lamco
- From the district of Fujian in Southern China
- Migrated to the Philippines in late 1600s
- adopted the Christian name Domingo Figure 2: Francisco
Mercado (Rizal’s Father)
 Entrepreneurial Family in Binondo

oDomingo Lamco and Ines dela

- 13 children including the Father
Rosa
- son: Francisco Mercado of Jose Rizal : Francisco
(surname means “market”) Engracio changed surname to
- richest man in the town of Binan Rizal as per
- Surname decree ordering
Rizal
- owned the largest herd of natives to adopt Spanish surname.
carabaos from the word
- elected as the town’s Capitan del RICIAL which
pueblo around 1783 means ‘green
- had a son named Juan Mercado
field’ or ‘pasture’
who was also elected as Capitan del
Figure 3. Domingo
pueblo and married Cirila Alejandra.
Lamco
 Rizal’s Parents
o Francisco Rizal - Industryand hard
Mercado ( honest, work, the family
hard-working and became a part of the
thrifty man) “Principalia Class”
- devoted his life to (among the residents
agriculture in Binan who had a first
and later become a concrete houses.)
tenant in a friar estate
in Calamba.
Figure 4. Teodora
Alonzo Realonda
- married Teodora
(Rizal’s Mother) Alonzo Realonda y Figure 5. Rizal Shrine in
Calamba
 Immediate Family
11 Children in the Family
1. Saturnina Mercado 7.
Conception Mercado
2. Paciano Mercado 8. Josefa
Mercado
3. Narcisa Mercado 9.
Trinidad Mercado
4. Olympia Mercado 10.
Soledad Mercado
5. Lucia Mercado 11. Jose
Mercado
6. Maria Mercado
Figure 6. Mercado – Alonzo Family Tree
 Childhood Education
o Rizal’s Family prediction to - Mother Teodora
Education. Alonzo was educated at
o One thousand volumes of Colegio de Santa Rosa
books in their family library in Manila.
o Educated Parents: - A mathematician
- Don Francisco studied at who read many books.
Colegio de San Jose in o Story of the Moth
Manila and can read both in - taught Jose Rizal
the Latin and Spanish the value of
languages. obedience. Figure 7. Mother Teodora
- Alphabet, Poetry telling the story of the
 “I have glimpsed a
little light and I
believe it is my duty
to teach it to my
countrymen.”
-Rizal’s Letter to Father
Pablo Pastells, S.J
Dapitan, 11 November
Figure 8. Rizal in Dapitan’s Consciousness
1892
 Tutors
o Maestro o Jose left Calamba - Jose
Celestino to study in Binan Rizal and
- Jose’s first his
o Maestro classmate
private tutor
Justiniano Jose
o Maestro Lucas Aquino Cruz Guevarra
Padua - formal became
- second private teacher; Paciano’s apprentices
tutor former teacher of Old
o Maestro Leon Juancho Figure 9. A young Jose
o Structured Life Rizal
Monroy
 Student of Manila
o Ateneo Municipal formerly o Students were divided
known as Escuela Pia into two groups:
(Charity School) for poor boys
in Manila established in 1817.
- Roman Empire
o Six year program Bachelor of
(boarders)
Arts - Carthaginian Empire
o Jose adopted the surname (non-boarders)
“Rizal” at the Ateneo because
their family name “Mercado” o Most outstanding
had come under suspicion of student was known as
the Spanish Authorities.
‘sobresaliente’ Figure 10. Jose at the age
o His teacher was Fr. Jose Bech. o He graduated on of 14 years old
 University of Santo Tomas
o Dona Teodora opposed the o Despite her mother’s
idea of sending Rizal to opposition, Don Francisco
University to pursue
told Paciano to
Higher Education because
she was aware what accompany Rizal to
happened to GOMBURZA. Manila. Rizal himself was
She told her husband surprised by his mother’s
“Don’t send him to Manila opposition whom he
again; he knows enough. If knows a woman of
he gets to know more, the
Education and Culture.
Spaniards will cut his
Figure 11. Rizal head.”
during his teenage o Rizal finished the first
years
 University of Santo Tomas (Cont.)
o Rizal studied at the final exam in the surveying course but he
the University of could not be granted the title as surveyor because he
Santo Tomas but was below
o Rizal age. The title
took up Medical was issued on November
he remained 25,course
1881. upon the advised of
loyal to Ateneo, Ateneo’s rector to study
where he medicine to be able to cure
completed the his mother’s growing
vocation course blindness.
in surveying that
gave him the title o Suffered Racial Figure 12. Old picture of
of Perito UST
 Injustice is the Eye Opener
o A series of unfortunate o Aside from this, o And then Teodora
events would snowball into Francisco’s building would irretrievably
a tragedy from which the
of a sugar mill on a tip the scales of
Mercado – Rizal would
never recover.
disputed land was destiny.
being questioned by
o A ranking member of the
the friar manager of o Teodora’s half-
guardia civil, who were
used to being supplied by the Casa Hacienda. brother, Jose Alberto
the Mercado – Rizal with wanted to divorce
horse fodder was offended o Add to this the his wife, whom he
when his request for the predicament of the alleged to be having
grass was turned down by couple’s son, an affair with
Francisco Mercado. Paciano, whose another man.
 Injustice is the Eye Opener
o This was learned by his o Teodora was named Cruz, a good  50km away
wife who then su spected as an accomplice. capital of Laguna. She was
Jose Alberto and Teodora Jose Alberto, the made to walk the distance,
plotting something evil to main suspect. though usual travel was by
her. Later Jose’s wife and
boat. She was forbidden to
an officer of the Guardia o  Quick like a bolt of use any vehicle, although
Civil (presumably the same
one who was refused horse
lightning, Teodora her family was willing to
fodder)   then accused Jose was hauled to jail, by pay for it and include her
Alberto and Teodora of the mayor, Antonio escorts for the ride. She
trying to poison Jose Vivencio del Rosario, was to suffer humiliation
Alberto’s wife. a known yes man of and hardship as prescribed
the friars. A judge by Figure
those 13.
herTeodora
familyAlonzo
had
 Injustice is the Eye Opener
o   On the first night of the
journey to Santa Cruz,
Teodora and his escorts came
to village where there was a
festival. Teodora was
recognized and invited by one
of the prominent families. The
judge, upon learning that
Teodora was honored in the
village, was so enraged. He
went to the house she visited.
There was a guard there and
the judge knocked and broke
his
cane on the poor man’s free. The cruel judge
head then beat up the respected the decision
owner of the house. but then charged
Teodora with contempt
o Brutal treatment of
of court. To this, the
women and children Supreme Court was
o Humiliation
persuaded but since
suffered by his Teodora’s wait in
townmates tortured prison was longer than
Jose Rizal. the sentence, ordered
her release.
o  This obvious case of o Then the lawyer of
 Injustice is
the Eye
Opener
recovering the money
for himself. This case
was heard but
dismissed by the
court.
Figure 14. Governor General Rafael Izquierdo
o Freed 2 and a half
years later by
 Cavite Mutiny
o One hundred and forty long-standing remembered for his cruelty
years ago, on January 20, personal benefits to to the Filipinos and the
1872, about 200 Filipino the workers such as barbaric execution of the
military personnel of tax (tribute) and three martyr-priests blamed
Fort San Felipe Arsenal
forced labor for the mutiny: Fathers
in Cavite, Philippines,
staged a mutiny which in
exemptions on order Mariano Gomez, Jose
a way led to the from the Governor Burgos, and Jacinto
Philippine Revolution in General Rafael de Zamora, later collectively
1896. The 1872 Cavite Izquierdo. called “Gomburza.”
Mutiny was precipitated
by the removal of  o He was opposed to
Figure 14. GOMBURZA
any hint of
 Tribute and Polo
o Forced Labor or o The Spanish officials o Tribute is a gift,
Polo y Servicio is a in the Philippines payment, declaration,
practice of ordered the Filipinos or other
compulsory labor to work in the acknowledgement of
exacted by a state or construction of gratitude, respect, or
by agencies of a state, churches, roads, admiration. A payment
other than as a bridges, ships and in in money or other
punishment for a the industries of valuables made by one
criminal offense. hauling and cutting ruler or nation to
timber. another in
acknowledgement of
Figure 15. Polo y Servicio o Falla is a fee to paid submission or as the

o Two kinds of priests served
the Catholic Church in the
Philippines. These were the
regulars and the seculars.
Regular priests belonged to
religious orders. Their main
task was to spread
Christianity. Examples were
the Franciscans, Recollects,
Dominicans, and
Augustinians. Secular priests
did not belong to any
religious order.
Secularization
o They were trained were not under the
specifically to run the bishop’s jurisdiction.
parishes and were They threatened to
under the supervision abandon their parishes if
of the bishops. the bishops persisted.
o Archbishop Basilio
o Conflict began when Santa Justa decided
the bishops insisted to uphold the
on visiting the diocese’s authority
parishes that were over the parishes and
being run by regular accepted the
priests. It was their resignations of the
 Secularization
o A royal decree was also Among other reasons The issue soon took on a
issued on November 9, they cited the racial slant. The Spaniards
1774, which provided
Filipinos’ brown skin, were clearly favoring their
for the secularization of
all parishes or the
lack of education, and own regular priest over
transfer of parochial inadequate Filipino priests.
administration from the experience. 
o The controversy
Monsignor Pedro Pelaez,
regular friars to the
ecclesiastical governor of
secular priests. became more
o The regulars resented intense when the the Church, sided with the
the move because they Jesuits returned to Filipinos. Unfortunately,
considered the Filipinos the Philippines. he died in an earthquake
unfit for the priesthood. that destroyed the Manila
They had been
Deep
Impression on
the young
Rizal
o Injustices, love for
the country
Figure 16. Jose Rizal wearing a Fencing uniform
o Malasakit sa
Kapwa Pilipino
 References
• https://www.coursehero.com/file/33761049/Module-1pdf/
• https://vdocuments.mx/life-works-and-writings-of-dr-rizal-chapter-1.h
tml
• https://idoc.pub/documents/chapter-123-of-jose-rizals-life-works-and-
writings-qn8562e7zyn1
• https://nhcp.gov.ph/rizals-paternal-lineage/
• https://www.coursehero.com/file/60938724/MODULE-4-Lesson-1-Ri
zaldocx/
• https://www.slideshare.net/kazekage15/rizal-chapter-3-early-education
 References
• https://www.slideshare.net/JinkyIsla/jose-rizals-educational-experienc
es
• http://ateneo.edu/about/history/fast-facts
• http://thelifeandworksofrizal.blogspot.com/2011/12/education.html
• https://joserizalproject.weebly.com/jose-rizalrsquos-educational-backg
round.html
• https://www.esquiremag.ph/long-reads/features/jose-rizal-rare-photos-
a00297-20200619-lfrm
• https://www.slideshare.net/villguiral1/chapter-5-medical-studies-of-riz
 References
• https://nhcp.gov.ph/teodora-alonsos-trail-of-tears/
• https://nhcp.gov.ph/the-two-faces-of-the-1872-cavite-mutiny/
• https://filipinojournal.com/the-1872-cavite-mutiny/
• https://www.slideshare.net/rovilynfullo/tribute-and-polo
• https://www.slideshare.net/junheldalanon/the-secularization-of-priests-
during-the-spanish-period