TOULMIN’S METHOD

CLAIM GROUND
THOSE WHO PLAY CHESS ARE CHESS PLAYERS ARE
GENIUSES SMARTER THAN AVERAGE
PEOPLE

WARRANT
PLAYING CHESS IS GOOD FOR
BRAIN
QUALIFIERS
GENERALLY, CHESS PLAYERS
CAN CONCENTRATE AND HAVE BACKING
HIGH MEMORY RESEARCH SUGGESTS THAT CHESS
REQUIRES PATTERN RECOGNITION
AND CONCENTRATION
REBUTTAL
SOME CHESS PLAYERS ARE IMPATIENT ,
AND CANNOT CONCENTRATE PROPERLY
EXCEPT IN CHESS
 CLAIM GROUND
ASTROLOGY IS A ASTROLOGY IS NOT AN EXACT
PSEUDOSCIENCE SCIENCE

WARRANT
ANYTHING THAT DOES NOT
BRING ACCURATE RESULTS IS
NOT AN EXACT SCIENCE.
QUALIFIERS
MOSTLY ASTROLOGIC
PREDICTIONS MISS THEIR
BACKING
MARK.
RESEARCH SUGGESTS THAT
MOST PREDICTIONS FROM
REBUTTAL ASTROLOGY DO NOT COME TRUE
SOMETIMES PREDICTIONS DO
COME TRUE
 CLAIM GROUND
ATHEISTS ARE SMARTER SMART PEOPLE
THAN THEISTS ARE ATHEISTS

WARRANT
ONLY FOOLS WOULD BELIEVE
IN GOD
QUALIFIERS
YES, BUT GENERALLY PEOPLE WITH
HIGHER IQ DO NOT BELIEVE IN GOD
BACKING
RESEARCH SUGGESTS THAT
PEOPLE WITH HIGHER IQ DO
REBUTTAL NOT BELIEVE IN GOD
SOME SMART PEOPLE ALSO
BELIEVE IN GOD
 CLAIM GROUND
INDIA SHOULD BE BRITISH RULE WAS GOOD
GRATEFUL TO THE FOR INDIA
BRITISH

WARRANT
TODAY’S INDIA OWES
QUALIFIERS A LOT TO THE BRITISH
IF IT WAS TO AVOID RAJ
INSTABILITY THAT MEANS
THESE WERE MEANT TO BACKING
BE GOOD, HENCE WE MOST
SHOULD BE GRATEFUL GOVERNMENT
REBUTTAL AGENCIES IN INDIA
ALL THESE ARE STARTED BY
ORGANIZATIONS WERE THE BRITISH LIKE,
KEPT BY THE INDIANS IAS, IFoS, IPS
THEMSELVES TO AVOID
INSTABILITY
 GROUND
CLAIM
TEENAGERS ARE BAD
VOTING AGE SHOULD BE
AT MAKING POLITICAL
INCREASED TO 21
DECISIONS

WARRANT
MATURE PEOPLE ARE BETTER
QUALIFIERS AT MAKING POLITICS DECISION
GENERALLY, YOUNGER PEOPLE
VOTE MORE RADICALLY AND
IMMATURELY. BACKING
RESEARCH SUGGESTS THAT PEOPLE
BY THE AGE OF 20 ARE LESS PRONE
TO RADICALIZATION THAN
REBUTTAL
YOUNGER PEOPLE
SOME YOUNGER PEOPLE
MATURE BEFORE REACHING
20.