Class 4

August 26 & 29, 2019

- Review (pre-write)
- Supporting ideas
- MENULIS DRAFT
a. Pilih dan susun ide-ide dalam susunan yang logis
b. Buat kerangka paragraph (layout/outline of the paragraph)
c. Tuliskan ide-ide dalam kalimat lengkap
 Fuel (Fun English) Club
Tuesdays 18:00-19:00
 Essay, Paragraph, Topic Sentence, Supporting Ideas
Supporting Ideas

paragraph Topic Sentence

topic controlling idea

______________________________. ________________________
________. ________________________________. _____________
paragraph ___________. ___________________________________________.
_____________________. _________________________________.
Essay
Topic
(of the .
essay) .
.

paragraph
 1. Topic Sentence - Definition
A TOPIC SENTENCE states what the writer wants to say in the
paragraph.
It expresses the main idea of the paragraph.
A TOPIC SENTENCE
contains the TOPIC and the CONTROLLING IDEA of the paragraph.

The TOPIC tells what is being discussed in the paragraph.

Topic is usually the Subject of the Topic Sentence.
The CONTROLLING IDEA tells the main point,or what smaller
aspect of the topic will be discussed in the paragraph.
Controlling idea is usually the predicate (V, O/C, manner, place,
time) of the Topic Sentence.
 Supporting Ideas
A Supporting Idea
is a statement that strengthens the topic
sentence.
(It talks about the topic and controlled by the
controlling idea in the topic sentence.)
 Supporting Ideas
- Supporting point 1
• detail 1.1 (explanation/example/experience/fact)
• detail 1.2
•
•
- Supporting point 2
• detail 2.1
• detail 2.2
•
•
 (Last) Homework

Micromygale debliemma and most spiders have remarkable differences. The first
difference is the structure of the eyes. Micromygale debliemma has two eyes while
most other spiders have six or eight. Another difference is the size. On the average
spiders are 2.5 cm long, but Micromygale debliemma is only three one-hundredths of
an inch long. It is difficult to see a Micromygale debliemma spider. Finally, there is a
remarkable difference in the respiration system. Most spiders have more developed
respiration system. They breathe through their lungs. Micromygale debliemma has a
more primitive respiration system. They absorbs oxygen through its skin.

1.Tuliskan TOPIC SENTENCE paragraph di atas.

Micromygale debliemma and most spiders have remarkable differences.
2. Tuliskan TOPIC paragraph di atas.
3. Tuliskan CONTROLLING IDEA paragraph di atas.
4. Ada satu kalimat yang tidak seharusnya ada dalam paragraph ini. Tuliskan kalimat
itu.
5. Tuliskan layout/outline/kerangka) paragraph di atas. Ada tiga (3) supporting ideas
utama.
 (Last) Homework

Micromygale debliemma and most spiders have remarkable differences. The first
difference is the structure of the eyes. Micromygale debliemma has two eyes while
most other spiders have six or eight. Another difference is the size. On the average
spiders are 2.5 cm long, but Micromygale debliemma is only three one-hundredths of
an inch long. It is difficult to see a Micromygale debliemma spider. Finally, there is a
remarkable difference in the respiration system. Most spiders have more developed
respiration system. They breathe through their lungs. Micromygale debliemma has a
more primitive respiration system. They absorb oxygen through its skin.
5. Tuliskan layout/outline/kerangka) paragraph di atas.
Micromygale debliemma and most spiders have remarkable differences. The first
difference is the structure of the eyes.
1.The structure of the eyes.
- Micromygale debliemma has two eyes, other spiders have six or eight.
2.The size.
- Micromygale debliemma is .03 inch long, others are 2.5 cm long.
3.The respiration system.
- Micromygale debliemma: primitive (absorbs oxygen through its skin), other
spiders: developed (through their lungs).
 Homework (1)

Engaging in a hobby is beneficial. First, a hobby can be educational. For example, if

the hobby is computer game, the person can learn about history through games
with historical setting. Secondly, a person’s free time is being used in a positive
way. A young person will not have time to get into mischief while engaged in the
hobby. Old people, especially retired ones, will have no time to be bored or
depressed. Old people could also use their free time by doing voluntary work. In
addition to that, some hobbies can lead to a satisfying and enjoyable future job.
For example, playing the piano was my nephew’s hobby, and now he is a
professional pianist. He enjoys his hobby-related job so much, and is satisfied with
his life. Most importantly, a hobby usually develops good characters and skills. For
example, engaging in basketball will help a person to become more patient and
have the skill to work in a team.
a. Tuliskan TOPIC SENTENCE paragraph di atas.
b. Tuliskan TOPIC paragraph di atas.
c. Tuliskan CONTROLLING IDEA paragraph di atas.
d. Ada satu kalimat yang tidak seharusnya ada dalam paragraph ini. Tuliskan
kalimat itu.
e. Tuliskan layout/outline/kerangka) paragraph di atas. Ada empat (4) supporting
ideas utama.
 The process in writing a paragraph
(Proses menulis paragraph)
Why am I writing? Who will read this?
1. Prewrite (pra-menulis)
What do I want to say?

2. Draft (tulis draft) How can I show my reader what I mean?

-Arrange ideas in a plan
- Write a draft

3. Revise (revisi) How can I make this clearer/more convincing?

4. Edit Are there errors?

 Writing a paragraph: 1. Prewrite

1. Tujuan?
2. Pembaca?
3. Tulis apa?
 Writing a paragraph: 1. Prewrite (Tulis apa?)
a. Menemukan dan menggali topik
1. Narrow the topic (persempit/pertajam topik)
2. Explore the topic (gali topik)
 Writing a paragraph: 1. Prewrite
a. Menemukan dan menggali topik
1. Narrow the topic (persempit/pertajam topik)
a. Daftarkan beberapa sub-topik yang bersangkutan dengan topik yang
diberikan.
b. Pilih salah satu sub-topik untuk menjadi topik paragraph dengan
mempertanyakan ketiga pertanyaan ini:
i. Does it interest me? (Apakah topik menarik buat saya?) Kalau tidak
maka susah bagi kita untuk menulis. Hasilnya pun mungkin
membosankan kita dan pembaca!
ii. Do I know something/ can I make a research about it? (Apakah saya
tahu/bisa cari tahu banyak tentang topik ini?)
iii. Is it specific? (Apakah topik tidak terlalu luas?) Kalau topik terlalu luas
maka hasilnya adalah tulisan-tulisan yang melebar ke mana-mana. Topik
paragraph harus cukup sempit.
 Latihan 1. Prewrite
a. Menemukan dan menggali topik
Misalkan Bambang mendapat tugas:
“Write a paragraph about yourself.”
(“Tulislah sebuah paragraph tentang anda.”)
1.Narrow the topic (persempit/pertajam topik)
a. Daftarkan beberapa sub-topik yang bersangkutan dengan topik yang
diberikan.
family of 3 children
as child number 2
as student
basketball
being bad in arts
photography
 Latihan 1. Prewrite
a. Menemukan dan menggali topik
1. Narrow the topic (persempit/pertajam topik)
a. Daftarkan beberapa sub-topik yang bersangkutan dengan topik
yang diberikan.
family of three children
as child number 2 of three children
as a student
basketball
being bad in arts
photography
b. Pilih salah satu sub-topik untuk menjadi topik paragraph dengan
mempertanyakan ketiga pertanyaan ini:
Interest?
Do I know something about it?
Is it specific?
 (Last) Homework
Mempersempit topik

a. Perhatikan kedua topik di bawah ini. Tuliskan lima buah sub-

topik untuk masing-masing topik.
b. Pilih salah satu dari kelima sub-topik dengan menjawab
ketiga pertanyaan (Interest? Knowledge? Specific?)

Poverty (kemisikanan)
Plastic

(Biasakan diri anda untuk memecah suatu masalah menjadi

bagian-bagiannya yang lebih kecil.)
 The process in writing a paragraph
(Proses menulis paragraph)
1. Prewrite (pra-menulis) – Tujuan? Siapa pembacanya? Mau bilang
apa?
a. Menemukan dan menggali topik
b. Tuliskan Topic Sentence
c. Dukung pernyataan dalam Topic Sentence.
2. Draft (tulis draft)
3. Revise (revisi)
4. Edit
 Topic Sentence
Topic + Controlling Idea = Topic Sentence

narrowed topic main point

(topik yang (aspek/ide/kesan/
diperkecil/dipertajam) pendapat/nuansa
utama)

Ini didapat dengan cara menggali topik yang sudah

diperkecil (explore the topic), yaitu dengan
melakukan TEKNIK-TEKNIK PENGGALKIAN TOPIK.
 Beberapa TEKNIK PENGGALIAN topik (contoh)

1. Brainstorming Tuliskan apa saja yang terlintas dalam benak anda

tentang topik ini.
2. Questioning
Who? What? When? Where? WHY? HOW? etc
3. Discussing

4. Clustering (mapping)
 Writing a paragraph: 1. Prewrite
a. Menemukan dan menggali topik (contoh)
1. Narrow the topic (persempit/pertajam topik)
myself myself as a student
2. Explore the topic (gali topik)
disorganized
Where? UKRIM
trouble with writing
procrastinate to do homework Why?
good student in high school
Why? I have a hard time
stupid, frustrated learning English
Why? Grammar is hard, boring
love programming
So? Area of concentration? Look for projects
organization
Programming Study Group
Teach, help the younger students 4 hrs/week
- Plan Fuel – why? So I won’t hate
English
 Writing a paragraph: 1. Prewrite
b. Menulis Topic Sentence
Tuga
1. Narrow the topic (persempit/pertajam topik) s
abou : “Write
t you a
myself myself as a student rself paragrap
” h
2. Explore the topic (gali topik)
Where? UKRIM

loveforprogramming
Love programming
organization KATA SIFAT, nuansa yang menonjol
busy

So? Area of concentration? Look for projects

Programming Study Group

Teach, help the younger students 4 hrs/week
My love for programming makes me busy at UKRIM.
KATA BENDA
 Latihan 1. Prewrite
a. Menemukan dan menggali topik
Misalkan Jackie mendapat tugas:
“Write a paragraph about something you find stressful.”
(“Tulislah sebuah paragraph tentang sesuatu yang membuat anda stress.”)
1.Narrow the topic (persempit/pertajam topik)
a. Daftarkan beberapa sub-topik yang bersangkutan dengan topik yang
diberikan.
taking tests arguments
dealing with my mother starting a new job
paying bills
writing
interviewing noun)
e n d a (
speaking in front of a group Kata b
a sifat
IH  N
BUKA ve)
k at
PIL (adjec
ti
 Writing a paragraph: 1. Prewrite
a. Menemukan dan menggali topik (contoh)
1. Narrow the topic (persempit/pertajam topik)
stressful activity  speaking in front of a group
2. Explore the topic (gali topik)
Contoh:
What?
when teacher gives assignment
What happened?
terrified
forget things
sweaty hands
my friends look bored
 Writing a paragraph: 1. Prewrite

a. Menemukan dan menggali topik

b. Tuliskan Topic Sentence
c. Dukung pernyataan dalam Topic Sentence.
 Writing a paragraph: 1. Prewrite
b. Tuliskan Topic Sentence
Tugas
:
• Narrowed topic : Speaking in front of a group “Write
a
• Hasil brainstorming: about paragraph
s
find st omething y
when teacher gives assignment ressfu ou
l.”
terrified
forget things
Main point
sweaty hands (aspek/ide/kesan/pendapat/nuansa utama):
my friends look bored
NERVOUS
shaky voice
• Topic sentence:
• Speaking in front of a group makes me nervous.
(topic) (controlling idea)
 Homework (2)
Gali topik, cari main point, dan Buat Topic Sentence

a. Persempit kedua topik ini:

- Playing
- Technology
b. Gali topik tersebut dengan menggunakan satu atau lebih
teknik.
c. Cari main point (hal/sifat/nuansa/kesan yang menonjol) dari
daftar pada b.
d. Tuliskan sebuah kalimat yang bisa digunakan sebagai Topic
Sentence.
 Think critically about your Topic Sentence

• Does it have my topic and main point (controlling idea)?

• Is it a complete sentence?
• Is it interesting?
• Do I have ideas to support it – can I show explain or prove it?
• Does it say what I want to say?
• Does it fit the assignment?
Write and adjust your Topic Sentence.
 Think critically about your Topic Sentence

Speaking in front of group – when teacher gives assignment,

terrified, forget things, sweaty hands
Topic: Oral presentations
Main point: nervous
Topic sentence:
Oral presentations make me nervous.
Topic sentence:
Oral presentations turn me into a nervous wreck.
 Writing a paragraph: 1. Prewrite

a. Menemukan dan menggali topik

b. Tuliskan Topic Sentence
c. Dukung pernyataan dalam Topic Sentence.
 Writing a paragraph: 1. Prewrite
c. Dukung pernyataan dalam Topic Sentence.

Brainstorm sekali lagi agar support untuk Topic Sentence

terkumpulkan.

A good supporting idea:

-relates to your topic sentence (berhubungan dengan topic
sentence – dalam topic dan sesuai control),
-considers your reader (memikirkan pembaca), and
-is detailed and specific (mendetail dan spesifik, tidak
“mengambang”).
 Writing a paragraph: 1. Prewrite
c. Dukung pernyataan dalam Topic Sentence. (Brainstorm)

Topic Sentence: Hasil Pr

ewrite
Oral presentations turn me into a nervous wreck.
worry for weeks don’t do well
put it off sweaty
angry at professor sound dumb
skip class boring everyone
watch TV, make calls, eat junk want to sit down
buy new notebook my face is hot and red
can’t sleep I look terrible
shaky voice
forget what I want to say
 Homework (3)
Brainstorm untuk mencari support buat Topic Sentence

a. Perhatikan kedua Topic Sentence yang telah anda buat untuk

topik:
- Playing
- Technology
b. Lakukan brainstorming sekali lagi untuk mencari
kemungkinan-kemungkinan Supporting Ideas yang dapat
dipakai dalam paragraph.
 The process in writing a paragraph
(Proses menulis paragraph)
1. Prewrite (pra-menulis) – Tujuan? Siapa pembacanya? Mau bilang
apa?
a. Menemukan dan menggali topik
b. Tuliskan Topic Sentence
c. Dukung pernyataan dalam Topic Sentence.
2. Draft (tulis draft) – Bagaimana saya bisa menjelaskan kepada
pembaca apa yang saya maksud?
3. Revise (revisi)
4. Edit
 Characteristics of
a good draft of a pargraph:
• It has a Topic Sentence.
• The support points and details are in a logical order.
• It has a standard paragraph form (a topic sentence followed
by supporting ideas)
 The process in writing a paragraph
(Proses menulis paragraph)
1. Prewrite (pra-menulis)
2. Draft (tulis draft) – Bagaimana saya bisa menjelaskan kepada
pembaca apa yang saya maksud?
a. Pilih dan susun ide-ide
3. Revise (revisi)
4. Edit
2. Draft (tulis draft) – Bagaimana saya bisa menjelaskan kepada pembaca apa
yang saya maksud?
a. Pilih dan susun ide-ide dalam susunan yang logis

• Drop ide yang tidak ada hubungannya dengan topic sentence

 Draft (tulis draft) – Bagaimana saya bisa menjelaskan kepada pembaca apa yang saya
maksud?
a. Pilih ide-ide yang relevant (drop ide yang tidak ada hubungannya dengan topic
sentence)

Topic Sentence:
Oral presentations turn me into a nervous wreck.
worry for weeks don’t do well
put it off sweaty
angry at professor sound dumb
skip class boring everyone
watch TV, make calls, eat junk want to sit down
buy new notebook my face is hot and red
can’t sleep I look terrible
shaky voice
exhausted afterwards forget what I want to say
can not listen to anyone else
2. Draft (tulis draft) – Bagaimana saya bisa menjelaskan kepada pembaca apa
yang saya maksud?
a. Pilih dan susun ide-ide dalam susunan yang logis

Susunan yang logis:

• Space order - berdasarkan susunan ruang
(top-bottom/bottom-top, near-far/far-near, left- right/right-
left, back-front/front-back)
• Time order – berdasarkan urutan kejadian
(first-last/last-first, most recent-least recent/least recent-
most recent)
• Order of importance – berdasarkan urutan pentingnya
 Draft (tulis draft) – Bagaimana saya bisa menjelaskan kepada
pembaca apa yang saya maksud?
a. Pilih dan susun ide-ide dalam susunan yang logis
Topic Sentence:
Oral presentations turn me into a nervous wreck.
Susun supporting ideas dengan time-order (berdasarkan urutan kejadian)
parati on en t n
atiodon’t
Du ri n g p re
During p re s do well
2
1
worry for weeks sweaty
sound dumb
put it off
boring everyone
watch TV, make calls, eat junk want to sit down
can’t sleep my face is hot and red
shaky voice
forget what I want to say
p re s entation
After 3
exhausted afterwards
can not listen to anyone else
 Draft (tulis draft) –
b. Buat kerangka paragraph (layout/outline of the paragraph)

Oral presentations turn me into a nervous wreck.

1. Avoid preparing
a. Worry thinking about it, but I put it off
b. Do other things instead: watch TV, call friends, eat junk food
c. I can’t sleep
2. Do not do well when giving the presentation
a. I forget what to say
b. Shaky, sweaty, red face
c. Boring the others
3. Collapse afterward
a. Exhausted, no energy
b. Can’t follow the rest of the class
 Tugas
:
“Write
Draft (tulis draft) – a
about paragraph
c. Tuliskan ide-ide dalam kalimat lengkap s
find st omething y
ressfu ou
l.”

Oral presentations turn me into a nervous wreck. I always find

reasons to avoid preparing for the presentation. For example, I
can’t sleep and unwell because I worry about it. This becomes a
reason for me to keep putting it off. I do other things instead, like
watching TV, calling friends, and eating junk food. Then I
completely fall apart during the presentation. I forget what to
say. My hands shake, I start to sweat, and my face turns all red.
I’m sure everyone thinks I’m boring. When I am finally done, I
just collapse in my seat. I feel so exhausted, and I do not have
the energy to follow the rest of the class. H asil D
RAF
T
 Tugas
:
“Write
Draft (tulis draft) – a
about paragraph
c. Tuliskan ide-ide dalam kalimat lengkap s
find st omething y
ressfu ou
l.”

Oral presentations turn me into a nervous wreck. I always find

reasons to avoid preparing for the presentation. For example, I
can’t sleep and unwell because I worry about it. This becomes a
reason for me to keep putting it off. I do other things instead, like
watching TV, calling friends, and eating junk food. Then I
completely fall apart during the presentation. I forget what to
say. My hands shake, I start to sweat, and my face turns all red.
I’m sure everyone thinks I’m boring. When I am finally done, I
just collapse in my seat. I feel so exhausted, and I do not have
the energy to follow the rest of the class. H asil D
RAF
T