BICHEMISTRY

ASSIGNMENT
DNA Transcription
 Transcription
 It is a process in protein synthesis in which a DNA strand is coped
to make RNA(specially mRNA)

Transcription produce *mRNA unbranched polymeric molecules

*rRNA composed of nucleotide monopho-
*tRNA sphate

 It also produce small RNA molecules that are not translated to

protein b/c they are ncRNA
Transcription is selective so it occurs in some region of
the DNA
 its selectivity is due to signals embedded in the
nucleotides sequence of DNA
where to start
The signals determine how to start
where to stop
 so, the biological difference of an organism’s tissue is a result of selectivity
of the transcription process.
 Transcription has important features. The copies of
DNA strand undergo
→terminal addition
→base modification make the primary transcription
→trimming and to functional form
→internal segment removal
 General comparison of mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA

Ribosomal RNA Transfer RNA Messenger RNA

• 80% of total RNA in cell • 15% of total RNA • 5% only
• Found in association • The smallest ,4s • Heterogeneous type in
with d/ff protein in • There is at least1sp size and base
ribosome ecific type of tRNA for • Carries genetic
• Prokaryotes have every amino acid information from
23s,16s,and 15s rRNA nuclear DNA to cytosol
• Eukaryotes have • Serve as template for
28s,18s,15s,8s, and 5s protein synthesis
• Some function as an • Eukaryotes -- mono
enzyme like ribozyme cistornic
• Prokaryotes –
polycistornic
• Also contain non coding
region
 Types of transcription
• Transcription process is different in cells with
d/ff cellular organization
In prokaryotes and
In eukaryotes
Transcription of prokaryote’s gene
• One of the d/ce from euaryotes is in the
structure of RNA polymerase
 RNA polymerase
• The RNA polymerase of prokaryotes(bacteria)
synthesize all RNA except for short RNA rimers
needed for DNA relication
• Primase - used for RNA primer
RNA polymerase :
 Recognize a promoter region at the beginning of a
length of DNA to be transcribed
 Make complementary RNA copy
 Recognize the termination region
• Both strands of DNA can serve as template, but for a
given gene only one can be
• The strand which can serve as a template s
determined by locatin of promoter
 core enzyme

• RNA polymerase
holoenzme

Core enzyme:- peptide subunit, lack specificity

- cannot recognize location of
promoter

Holoenzyme :- active form of functional enzyme

- formed when core enzyme binds
with sigma factor
- enable the RNA polymerase to recognize promoter region
 Steps of RNA synthesis
• The process of transcription has 3 phases
a) initiation
b) elongation
c) termnaion
A transcription unit extends from the
promoter to terminator region
Primary transcript is the initial product