How were cells discovered?

The
microscope
led to the
discovery of
cells
In 1665, a
scientist from
England named
Robert Hooke
studied a thin
slice of cork tree
under the
microscope
• When he discovered
the cork had holes in
it, he named the
holes cells
• He thought the cork
holes looked like
empty rooms
• Why did the inside of
the cell look empty?
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
• Was the first person to
describe living cells in
1670’s
• He looked at a drop of
pond water under a
microscope
• To his surprise, he found
that a drop of water was
full of living things
• He observed unicellular
organisms
 Where do cells come from?
• In 1850’s, the answer to the question was
answered
•People studying all types of living cells
observed the same thing-that cells divide
•Using a microscope, it was evident where
cells come from, life comes from life ,or one
cell comes from another cell.
•These observations and evidence were
gathered and summarized into the cell
theory
I. Cell Theory
A. All organisms are composed of one or
more cells
B. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living
things
C. All cells come from existing cells
Cell
II.Two Types of Cells
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Nucleus
Bacteria DNA
Membrane bound
(Archae and Cell Membrane organelles
Eubacteria)
Cytoplasm Plants, animals,
Small Size protists, and fungi

Ribosomes
 Eukaryotic cells
(Animal & Plant)
Animal Plant

Chloroplast
Cell Membrane Cell Wall
Ribosomes
Lysosomes Large Central Vacuole
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Golgi Apparatus
Cytoplasm
E.R.
 IV. Eukaryotic Cell
Structures & Organelles
1. Nucleus 7. Golgi Apparatus
2. Ribosomes 8. Vacuoles
3. Cell membrane 9. Endoplasmic
4. Cell wall Reticulum (E.R.)
5. Cytoplasm 10. Mitochondria
6. Chloroplast 11. Lysosomes
Animal vs. Plant Cells
1. Nucleus- Contains the cell’s DNA &
is the control center of the cell

The nucleus is like the

principal of a school,
because the nucleus
controls the cell like the
principal controls the
school.
Animal vs. Plant Cells
2. Ribosome- The site where
amino acids are hooked
together to make proteins.

Ribosome are like a

factory, because
ribosomes make
proteins like
factories make
different products.
Animal vs. Plant Cells
3. Cell Membrane- Controls the
movement of nutrients into the cell
and waste products out of the cell
The cell membrane is like
a security guard,
because the cell
membrane controls
what goes in and out of
a cell like a security
guard controls who goes
in and out of the gate.
Animal vs. Plant Cells
 4. Cell Wall -Supports and protects
the cell while still letting materials
pass through it.
The cell wall is like a
bullet proof vest,
because a cell wall
protects the cell like a
bullet proof vest
protects its user.
Animal vs. Plant Cells
 5. Cytoplasm -is the fluid-like
material inside the cell that contains
all of the cell’s organelles
The cytoplasm is like a jello
salad because the
cytoplasm surrounds and
suspends the cell’s
organelles like the jello
surrounds and suspends
the fruit in the jello salad.
Animal vs. Plant Cells
 6. Chloroplast- Converts the sun’s
energy into high – energy sugars
through process of photosynthesis.

Chloroplasts are like solar

panels because chloroplasts
convert the sun’s energy into
energy that can be used by
cells like solar panels convert
the sun’s energy into energy
that can be used by a house.
Animal vs. Plant Cells
 7. Golgi Apparatus- site where proteins
are further processed for shipment out
of the cell.
The Golgi Apparatus is like a UPS
truck because the golgi
apparatus packages and ships
proteins where they are needed
like a UPS truck packages and
ships items where they are
needed.
Animal vs. Plant Cells
8. Vacuoles- Store water, nutrients and
even wastes.

A vacuole is like a thermos

because a vacuole stores
water and nutrients until it
is needed like a thermos
stores water food until it
is needed.
Animal vs. Plant Cells
 9. Endoplasmic Reticulum- System of tubes
through the cytoplasm that allow proteins &
other materials to pass from one place to
another.

The endoplasmic reticulum is like the

highway system because the cell
uses the endoplasmic reticulum to
move material throughout the cell like
people use highways to move
throughout the country.
Animal vs. Plant Cells
10. Mitochondria- Uses cellular
respiration to convert food energy into
a chemical energy called ATP that can
be used by the cell.
Mitochondria are like the
human digestive system
because the digestive
system breaks down food
to supply the body with
energy like the
mitochondria breaks
down food to supply the
cell with energy.
Animal vs. Plant Cells
11. Lysosome - digests wastes, worn
out cell parts, and foreign invaders

Lysosomes are like

trash cans because
lysosomes get rid of
unwanted things
inside the cell like
trashcans are used to
get rid of unwanted
things inside a house.
Animal vs. Plant Cells