Nor m al Mi c r obi a l Fl or a

O f H um an Body
Microbiology

Ubaid ullah
Student of : B's
Anesthesia
Key terms :

Symbiosis (living together) : The relationship between two

1 different species is
Called symbiosis.

2 Mutualism : Is a type of symbiosis in which both of the partners are

Commensalism : Is a symbiotic relationship in which one

3 partner is benefited
while the other is neither benefited
nor harmed .
Parasitism : Is a symbiotic relationship in which one is
4 benefited while the
other is harmed .
 Normal Flora :
Definion :

• Microorganisms that inhabit the mucosa skin and of a

healthy person .

• Normal flora are the microorganisms that live on another

living organism (human or animal) or inanimate object
without causing disease.
Normal Flora : T h e N e w
C o r o n a v i r
Natural inhabitants inuors on the surface of :

Location they are found on/in :

1. Skin
2. Oral cavity
3. Respiratory tract
4. Gastrointenstinal tract
5. Genitourinary tract
Two Types Of Normal Flora

 Resident Flora (Inside body) :

Consists of relatively fixed types of microorganisms regularly

found in a given area.

 Transient Flora (Outside body) :

Present for a short period then disappear in intervals.

Do not interfere with normal body functions.
1. The human body routinely harbors about 10¹² bacteria while
human body cells are about 10¹⁰.

2. The normal flora is relatively stable and while pathogenic bacteria are
delicate and less stable.

3. Usually not pathogenic but opportunistic.

 Major normal Floral of Human
Body
T h e N e w
C o r o n a v i r
u s

Skin Upper respiratory

tract
Mouth

StomachSkin Intestine Urogenital

tract
11. Skin :
. Skin :
• streptococci
• Staphylococci
• Micrococci
• Diphtheroid bacilli
• Lactobacillus species
• Candida albicans (fungus)
2 . Upper Respiratory Tract :

• Staphylococcus epidermides
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Lactobacillus
• Haemophilus influenzae
• Bacteriods
• Candida albicans
3 . Mouth :

• Streptococci
• Neisseria
• Bacteriods
• Lactobacilli
• Candida albicans
4 . Stomach :
• Streptococcus
• Lactobacillus
• Helicobacter pylori
5 . Intestine :

• Bifidobacterium.
• Eubacterium.
• E.coli.
• Bacteriods.
• Enterococcus.
• Yeasts.

>10⁹ Bacteria per gram of feces excrete .

6 . Urogenital tract :

• Staphylococcus.
• Epidermides.
• Lactobacillus.
• Clostridium.
• Candida albicans. ( FUngus )
• Trichomonas vaginalis .( protozon )
 Three Roles Normal flora

• Constitute a protective host defense mechanism:

 Offer resistance to pathogenic microbes by
competing for nutrients and habitat Produce
antibiotic materials.

• Serve a nutritional function:

 Synthesize several vitamins B and vitamin K.

• keep our immune systems in tune :

 Normal flora share many antigenic determinants with pathogenic

organisms which keep stimulating our immune system.
 Opportunistic Pathogen

• Causing disease only in certain situations :

• Host defenses are impaired or compromised.

• Translocation:
introduced into the bloodstream (bacteremia )
• peritoneal cavity
• Pelvic tissues
Flora disequilibrium :

• The use of antibiotics disrupts the balance of the microbial community

.

• Clostridiums difficile :

 A Severe, Fatal Gastrointestinal Tract Infection

T h a n k Yo u