System Of Particles & Rotational Motion

Presented by Shanu Ojha

 Particle:
A particle is an object whose mass is finite but
whose size and internal structure can be
neglected.

System:
A system is a collection of a very large number of
particles which mutually interact with one another.

Image : Wikipedia
Centre of mass
Centre of mass of a system is the point that
behaves as whole mass of the system is
concentrated at it and all external forces
are acting on it.

rCM
 
Center of mass of n particle
system:
If a system consists of n particles of masses m1, m2,
m3 ,… mn having position vectors rl , r2, r3,… rn. then
position vector of centre of mass of

 
rCM =
 Properties of center of
mass:
The centre of mass will be in a fixed point of an object.
Centre of mass coincides with centre of gravity.
Centre of mass lies inside the body.
The mass will be zero.
Rotational Motion of a Rigid Body
A rigid body performs a pure rotational
motion, if each particle of the body moves
in a circle, and the centre of all the circles
lie on a straight line called the axes of
rotation.
Equation of rotational
motion
 
(i) 0 +
(ii)
(iii) = 2
 Torque
Torque is described as the turning effect of force
on the axis of rotation. In brief, it is a moment of
force.
Angular
Momentum
ANGULAR MOMENTUM means the
quantity of rotation of a body, which is
the product of its moment of inertia and
its angular velocity.

L = mvr
Relation b/w Torque & Angular
momentum :
The rate of change of angular momentum of a
system of particles about a fixed point is equal to
the total external torque acting on the system about
that point.
  𝑑𝐿
𝜏 =
𝑑𝑡
 Moment of Inertia
The moment of inertia of a body about a given axis is equal
to the sum of the products of the masses of its constituent
particles and the square of their respective distances from
the axis of rotation.
  𝑛
𝐼 =∑ 𝑚 𝑖 𝑟 𝑖 2
𝑖=1
Factors on moment of inertia
depends:
1) Mass of the body.
2) Size and shape of the body.
3) Distribution of mass about the axis of rotation.
4) Position and zero.
 Radius of gyration
Radius of gyration or gyration of a body about an axis of
rotation is defined as the radial distance of a point from
the axis of rotation at which, if whole mass of the body
is assumed to be concentrated, its moment of inertia
about the given axis would be the same as with its
actual distribution of mass.
 
𝐼
𝐾=
√ 𝑀
Parallel Axes Theorem:
The moment of inertia of any object about any arbitrary axes is equal to
the sum of moment of inertia about a parallel axis passing through the
centre of mass and the product of mass of the body and the square of
the perpendicular distance between the two axes.
Perpendicular Axes Theorem:
Theorem of parallel axes is applicable for any type of rigid
body whether it is a two dimensional or three dimensional,
while the theorem of perpendicular is applicable for laminar
type or two I dimensional bodies only.
Motion of a cylinder rolling down an inclined plane
without slipping