Professional Conduct &

Ethical Standard
Prof. Art A. Tagle
 What is Ethics
• Ethics comes from Greek word “ Ethos’, meaning
character , or what a good person is or does to
have a good character.
• The way people behave based on how their
beliefs about what is right and wrong influence
behavior
 TWO DIVISIONS OF ETHICS
• 1) GENERAL ETHICS - the study of the general principles of morality
• 2) SPECIAL ETHICS - the study of the application of the general principles of morality; included in
this division is the category of professional ethics

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
- a set of moral code to which every profession must subscribe
- guides the professional where the law is silent or inadequate

POLICE ETHICS
- an example of professional ethics
- a practical science that treats the principle of human morality and duty as applied to law enforcement
What is Morality
Is the human attempt to define what is right and wrong about our actions
and thoughts, and what is good and bad about our being who we are. But
that's not really all that simple, is it? Philosophers have been attempting to
provide answers to this question for thousands of years! Perhaps if we
stand upon their shoulders and look at this question we can find some
answers that will be meaningful for us.
Example, What would you do if you found Ph50,000 Pesos in a bank bag
on the way home from work tonight? Would you turn it in and hope for a
reward? Or would you keep it for yourself? Or would you just keep it for
24 hours so you could roll around in it for a while before returning it? Our
answer speaks of our morality; of what we think is the right thing to do.
 MORAL DISTINCTIONS

1) Moral - good, right

2) Immoral - bad, wrong
3) Amoral - neither good nor bad
What is the difference between Customary
or traditional morality and reflective Morality
Conventional and reflective are types of moral
standards which mean different things as
conventional are standard that we can't argue on
it while reflective moral standards are those
standards that we can argue on it and reflected to
ourselves to see whether it is good or bad.
What is the definition of a moral dispute?

A moral dispute would involve a factual

disagreement (or a disagreement in belief)
where one or the other or neither belief is
correct. It would not involve a disagreement
in attitude (or a disagreement in feeling).
HUMAN ACTS - acts that are done knowingly, deliberately and freely
ELEMENTS OF HUMAN ACTS
1) KNOWINGLY - when the person fully understands what he is doing and has the ability
to appreciate the consequences of his actions
2) DELIBERATELY - when the person did his actions intentionally
3) FREELY - when the person performed his actions voluntarily
Types of Voluntary
• Imperfect – presently in the person who acts without fully realizing what he means to do or
without fully intended the act.
• Conditional – presently in a person who is force by circumstances beyond his control to
perform an act which he would not do in normal condition
• Simple – present in a person doing an act willfully regardless whether he likes to do or not
 What is Values
• ACTS OF MAN – Actions that happen in a person naturally.
e.g. breathing, hearing, heart beat