The Self According To

Western and Eastern Thought

Discussion Outline
1. Individualistics and Collective Self
2. Western Versus Eastern
3. Confucianism
4. Taoism
5. Hinduism
6. Buddhism
Individualistic and Collective Self
 Individualistic Self

- It is the type of self that is self reliant

or being Independent in all aspects
of life such as decision
making and it doesn't need
the suggestions or help of the others
and this kind of self emphasizes the
uniqueness of every individuals.
Collective Self

- Collective self is the type of self that

such individuals establish strong bonds
particularly with their families and
bound by the culture of the group
 Western versus Eastern
Western
•represents Europe and
Northern America
•Individualistic type of self
•Values Competition
•Self Oriented or Self
Reliant
Eastern
•also called oriental
represents Asia
•Collective type of self
•Values Cooperation
•Bonded with families or
group
 Confucianism
•Confucius also called as "Master Kong" he introduced
the Confucianism philosophy.
•Confusianism regards an individual as a member of a
group not as a separate being.
•Confucianism is a subdued self
It is conditioned to respond to
perceptions, not of its own needs and
aspirations, but of social requirements and
obligations.
•The ethical teachings of Confucius are based on human
relationships as reflected in his concept of five Cardinal
Relationships or Five bonds.
Five Cardinal Relationships
Father and son ( parent to child)
Ruler and subject
Husband and wife
Older and younger brother
Friend to friend
Taoism
•Taoism emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao
(Way or path) it is a religion and a philosophy at the same
time.
•Tao is nothing but the expression of the unity of the universe
and of the path which human beings must take to preserve
that unity.

•Going against the will of nature or the universe distrupts the •Taoists regard the human body as the mini
cosmic order (symbolized by the Yin and Yang). universe as an extension of the cosmos.
 Hinduism
•Hindus believe in the doctrines of samsara (the
continuous cycle of life, death, and reincarnation) and
karma (the universal law of cause and effect).

•The Upanishads contains of the key concepts and ideas

of Hinduisms.
•One of the key thoughts of Hinduism is “atman,” or the
belief in soul.
•The atman is one with the "Brahman" (The
absolute,transcendal power).

•By being identified with the brahman, the atman

indicates a true self which underlies one's existence.
 Buddhism
•In Buddhism there is no such a thing as
the atman (self).

•The self, as difficult as it is to be defined, is

seen as the pure, unchanging,
uncontaminated essence of an individual.

•Humans have no real knowledge of a self

or a clear proof of claiming that there is a
self.
That's the end of the discussion.

Thank You for Listening!💕

Hoping you've learned something 💕

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