Clause as Massage

BY GROUP THREE
NAME
RISKI UMIWATI 1913030
RIZKI RAHMAWATI 1913031
1.Theme and Rheme

 Definition
Theme is the starting point of a clause; while the remainder is the rheme. Theme is “the
element which serves as the point of departure of the message.
Theme and Rheme A clause has a character of message, giving it the status of communicative
event. That communicative character comes from one part of the clause which is known as
THEME; Theme and rheme help us understand how information is conveyed in clauses.
For example :
1.My sister goes to campus every morning. 

Theme Rheme In the example, the writer wants to show us My sister as something she talked about. Meanwhile,
the rest of the clause, talks about theme, gives more information about the theme.

2.I come from Down in the valley

I as theme And come from Down in the valley as Rheme

Theme types

 Theme Ideational/Topical
A clause at least has one theme, That is the topic of the clause, which is called as topical theme Based on
ideational type, theme can be identified as marked and unmarked.
Unmarked topical themes
1. Nominal group as theme e.g.: Jack went up the hill.
2. Nominal group complex as Theme e.g.: Jack and Jill went up the hill.
3. Embedded clause e.g.: (What Jack and Jill did) was go up the hill.
Marked topical themes
4. Adverbial as theme e.g.: Down Jack fell.
5. Prepositional phrase as theme e.g.: Up the hill Jack and Jill went.
6. Complement as theme e.g.: His crown he broke.
• Textual themes
We saw that the theme-rheme structures with the latter becoming the former are a prime mover of coherence in
a text.

1. Continuatives as Theme (well, right, OK, now, anyway, of course, etc)

e.g.: Well, anyway, we arrived on time.

2. Connective as Theme (moreover, furthermore, on the other hand, etc)

e.g.: Moreover, Mr. Johnson, the problem itself is simply too complex to solve now.

• Interpersonal themes
These concern the kind of interaction between speakers or the positions which they are taking.

1. Vocative as Theme
e.g.: Dearly beloved we are gathered here today. Sweety, we decided to wait until next week.

2. Process as Theme
e.g.: Give me that book, please.
2. theme and mood

 Definition
Mood is the part of Systemic Functional Grammar. Mood is indicate with the
interpersonal meanings of the text The mood system at the clause encodes the
relationship between the participants in an interaction as well as the speakers or
writer‟sattitude and comment.
 The structure of the Mood
The two elements are the same. One of them is Subject Traditionally called an
auxiliary verb but it canDoes not identify its function quite precisely, and in our
approach the term Finite isUsed instead. Together, Subject and Until form a clause
componentThat’s what is called Mood.
 Each of these moods in turn, from its thematic
point of view Structure
1) Theme in declarative clauses. In a declarative clause, the typical pattern is one in Which Theme is confated with
Subject;
Ex : It isn’t very exciting
2) Theme in interrogative clauses. The typical function of an interrogative clause is toAsk a question; and from the
speaker’s point of view asking a question is an indication thatHe wants to be told something.
Ex : who Wants a glass of white wine?
Where Did you get that from?
How many hours Did you want?
Why Was he opposed to coming in?
3) Theme in imperative clauses. The basic message of an imperative clause is either ‘I Want you to do something’ or ‘I
want us (you and me) to do something’.
Ex : just place a blank CD in the drive !
 3. Predicate themes
 Definition
The predicated theme allows the speaker or hearer to state something in a categorical way, generally in contrast with something already said.
This structure is also appropriately used to emphasise information that is con- sidered essential in a text because it is important for the
textual organisation of the discourse.
Any element having a representational function in the clause can be marked off by predication in this way. Let us go back to the duke, the
aunt and the teapot – but perhapswith a slight variation: corresponding to the queen sent my uncle that hat-stand we couldhave:
It was the queen who sent my uncle that hat-stand
it was my uncle the queen sent that hat-stand
it was that hat-stand the queen sent my uncle

 Dedicated themes are used with three main purposes:

1.for high light climatic moments,
2. to emphasize feelings,
3.and to emphasize and distinguish certain facts that are important to the narrative
 in that it does
identify one element as being exclusive at that point in the clause. Both are in fact equative
constructions. But there are also differences between the two. Let us take one of the above
examples and derive a paradigm from it, controlling for information focus:

• it wasn’t the job that was getting me down

[exclusive: job as Theme/New]

• the job wasn’t getting me down

[non-exclusive: job as Theme/(marked) New]

• the job wasn’t what was getting me down

[exclusive: job as Theme/(marked) New]

• what was getting me down wasn’t the job

[exclusive: job as Rheme/New]

The neutral variant of the clause lacks the ‘equative’ feature: none of the elements is identifed
as the unique fller of the role. The identifying and predicated forms share the equative
feature; but they differ in the choice of Theme, and in the mapping of Theme + Rheme onto
Given + New.
• Thematic structure of clause with predicated Them

A structure that can look superfcially like Theme predication, but is not, is that involving postposition, where one nominal
element of the clause – typically the Subject, though not always – is delayed to the end and the appropriate pronoun is inserted
as a substitute in its original slot. This may be a nominal group, as in:
they don’t make sense, these instructions

shall I hang it above the door, your Chinese painting?

in some places they’ve become quite tame, the wombats

_Here the Theme is, as usual, the item(s) in frst position: they, shall + I
I, in some places; while the postposed nominal functions as Afterthought, realized prosodically by a second, minor
tonic with tone 3

So if the postposed fact clause is introduced by that, and the matrix clause has the verb be
plus a nominal, the result may look like a predicated Theme; for example:
I
t was a mistake that the school was closed down

it’s your good luck that nobody noticed

Thank you 😊