“Analysis of Green Building

Concept Application to
Labolatory Building on Long
Term Investment”
FERDI HERMANSYAH SUSANTO 苏山
1941093114
 background
In this era, the health of the earth is getting weaker. Global warming which is increasingly worrying requires us to
adapt and try to reduce its impact. One of the way is to apply the concept of green building when build a building. Green
building is a building that is known to be environmentally friendly and resource efficient. Where this efficiency is through
the building's life cycle starting from design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition (Fincher,
2010).
But unfortunately there are still many people, especially in developing countries like Indonesia, who have not
realized the importance of implementing the green building concept in the construction of a building.
By implementing the green building concept in the planning of the plumbing system and lighting system of the
Electrical Engineering Laboratory of State Polytechnic of Malang, it is hoped that It will be an example, especially for
Indonesians, that the concept of green building is very eco-friendly and it is one of long-term investment.
Study Object

The object of study is the Electrical Engineering

Laboratory Building of the State Polytechnic of
Malang which is located at Soekarno Hatta Street,
Number. 9, Malang City, East Java Province,
Indonesia. This building is a laboratory and lecture
building with an area of ​± 3985 m2 .
 objectives
01
To determine the condition of the
existing plumbing system and lighting
system in the Electrical Engineering
Laboratory of State Polytechnic of
Malang.
03
Knowing the application of the green
building concept in the lighting system
of the Electrical Engineering
Laboratory of State Polytechnic of
Malang.
02
Knowing the application of the green
building concept in the plumbing system
of the Electrical Engineering Laboratory
of State Polytechnic of Malang.
04
Knowing the effect of implementing the green
building concept in terms of the economic use
of materials and consumption levels on the
plumbing system and lighting system of the
Electrical Engineering Laboratory of State
Polytechnic of Malang.
 DATA ANALYSIS
The analysis carried out in this study are as follows:

1. The first step is direct survey of the location and existing buildings. The aim is to determine the
condition of the land and existing buildings.
2. Prepare the data needed in the research.
3. Planning a clean water supply system. In this stage there are several sub-stages, including:
a. Calculate the need for clean water.
b. Estimate based on effective floor area and number of occupants.
c. Estimating based on the type and number of plumbing tools.
d. Estimate based on unit load of plumbing tools.
e. Ground reservoir design.
f. Calculation of clean water pump.
g. Determination of pipe dimensions.
 DATA ANALYSIS
4. Analyzing hydrological data. In this stage there are several sub-stages, including:
a. Calculates the maximum average rainfall.
b. Perform analysis of the design rainfall distribution.
c. Test the suitability of the distribution.
d. Calculate the intensity of rainfall.
e. Calculate the design flood discharge.
5. Planning the rainwater system. In this stage there are several sub-stages, including:
a. Determination of rainwater pipe dimensions.
b. Determination of the dimensions of the rainwater reservoir.
6. Calculating the cost budget plan and investment value of the clean water supply system.
7. Determine the type of lamp to be used.
8. Calculate the need for lights in each room.
9. Calculate the budget plan and investment value of the lighting system.
 GREEN BUILDING
A green building is a building where in the planning, construction, operation and
maintenance aspects pay attention to aspects of protecting, saving, reducing the use of natural
resources, maintaining the quality, and paying attention to the health of its residents, all of which
are based on the principles of sustainable development (Green Building Council Indonesia,
2012). 
The application of the green building concept can be seen from 3 points of view, namely
from environmental, economic, and social aspects. These aspects are manifested in the green
building parameters according to the GBCI: 
1. Appropriate Site Development 
2. Energy Efficiency and Conservation 
3. Water Conservation 
4. Use And Selection Of Materials
5. Indoor Health and Comfort 
6. Building Environment Management
PLANNING OF CLEAN WATER SUPPLY
SYSTEM
 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF A WATER SUPPLY
SYSTEM
In planning and designing a clean water supply system, there are several basic principles
that must be considered, including:

1.  Water Quality
2.  Prevention of Water Pollution
 CLEAN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

According to (Noerbambang & Morimura, 1993) in the clean water supply system there are
several variations that are commonly used, including:
 
1. Direct Connection System
Direct connection system drains water from the main pipe belonging to the drinking water supply
company directly to the distribution pipe in the building. This system is not suitable to be
implemented in rise buildings due to the limited pressure. Usually this system is applied to
housing.

2. Rooftop Tank System

For the roof tank system, water from the main pipe belonging to the drinking water supply
company is first collected in the ground reservoir and then pumped up to the rooftop tank. At
each bottom tank and roof tank, an alarm is usually installed to indicate that the water level is low
and the water is full. This sign or alarm can also be used as a trigger for the pump to work
automatically
 CLEAN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

3. Pressure Tank System

For a pressure tank system, the initial installation price is lower than using a roof tank system.
However, the drawback of this system is that there will be pressure fluctuations in the pipes so
that the water flow will not be stable. In fact, for a clean water supply system in apartment
buildings, water must always be available at any time needed by consumers in the building.

4. System Without Tank (Booster System)

In this system no tank is used at all, water is pumped directly into the distribution system of the
building and the pump sucks water directly from the main pipe. The difference between this
system and the direct connection system is that this system forces the main pipe to put more
pressure so that water can flow to the highest point of the building. This system is prohibited in
Indonesia because it can cause damage to the main pipe
 WATER PRESSURE AND FLOW RATE

Water pressure and flow rate are quite vital in relation to the movement of water in pipes.
Water pressure that is too high can accelerate the breakdown of plumbing system due to
frequent water blows. In addition, the jet of water coming out of the pipe will also be too hard so
that if it is exposed to the user it will cause pain and reduce comfort. Meanwhile, if the water
pressure is too low, it will cause several difficulties, such as uneven water supply to all floors of
the building or the inability to operate plumbing equipment that requires high pressure, such as a
toilet that uses a flush valve.

For the speed of water flow, if it is too high it will cause frequent water blows which can
damage the pipe, cause a scaly sound from the pipe, and cause rapid wear of the pipe surface.
The wear of the pipe surface can reduce the strength of the pipe and lead to the possibility of
unwanted leakage. Meanwhile, if the speed is too low, it will trigger the deposition of dirt on the
pipe and also corrosion.
 DETERMINATION OF CLEAN WATER
DEMANDS
In designing a water supply system for high-rise buildings, the equipment capacity and
dimensions of pipes and tanks are made based on the amount and flow rate of water that must
be provided in the building. According to (Noerbambang & Morimura, 1993), there are several
methods that can be used to estimate the amount of water demand, including:

1.    Method based on number of users/occupants

2.    Method based on type and number of sanitary ware
3.    Method based on unit load (fixture unit) of sanitary ware

From those three methods, that is considered the most accurate is the method based on
the number of users. This is based on the reason that the number of occupants in the building
has been known with certainty, so that efforts to estimate the need for clean water can be carried
out better.
 DETERMINATION OF CLEAN WATER
DEMANDS
 The steps for calculating the need for clean water in the building based on the number of
occupants are as follows:

Calculate the total number of occupants in all office buildings

Occupants =

Calculate water usage for one building in a day (Q d)

Qd(ℓ/day) = ∑occupants x Water usage per person per day

Calculate the value of Qd if there is additional use of water (eg for watering plants, overcoming
leaks, filling swimming pool water, fire hydrant etc.)

Qdtotal = (100% + %additional water usage) x Q d

 DETERMINATION OF CLEAN WATER
DEMANDS
 Calculate the average water requirement (Qaverage peak = Qh) whose value depends on the average length of use per day (t)
Qh (ℓ/dt) =
Where:Qh = Average water usage during operating hours (ℓ/second)
Qd = Average water usage per day (ℓ/day)
 t = Average time of water usage in 1 day (hours)

Calculate water usage at peak hour (Qh -max)

Qh-maks = C1 . Qh
Where :    Qh-max = Water usage at peak hour (ℓ/second)                 
C1 = Constant     →1.5 Residential
            →1.75 Offices
→2.0 Hotel/apartment

Calculate water consumption at peak minutes (Qm-max)

Qm-max = C2 x Qh
Where     : Qm-max = Water usage at peak minutes (ℓ/second)                 
C2   = Constant    →3.0 Residential
            →3.5 Offices
            →4.0 Hotel/apartment
 CAPACITY OF GROUND TANK

In planning a clean water supply system with a roof tank system, it is necessary to estimate
the volume of the ground reservoir which can then be used to determine its dimensions.
Calculation of the volume of the ground reservoir can be done by the following methods:

1. Calculation of the dimensions of the ground reservoir based on the water supply from the
clean water supply company
2. Calculation of the dimensions of the ground reservoir based on the formula
 CAPACITY OF GROUND TANK

 The formula used in calculating the volume and determining the dimensions of the ground reservoir is based on
the formula according to (Noerbambang & Morimura, 1993):
 
1. Calculating the capacity of the service pipe (Q s)

 
Where: Qh = Average water demand per hour (m 3/hour)
Qs = Service pipe capacity (m3/hour)

2. Calculating the volume of the ground reservoir

 
Where: Qd = Water demand per day (m3/day)
Qs = Service pipe capacity (m3/hour)
T = Average period of usage (hours/day)
 
3. Determining the dimensions of the ground reservoir
 CAPACITY OF ROOFTOP WATER TANK

The following are the methods that are often used to calculate the Rooftop Water Tank:

1. Calculation of the dimensions of the Rooftop Water Tank based on the water supply from the
clean water supply company
2. Calculation of the dimensions of the Rooftop Water Tank based on the formula

The following are the steps for calculating the volume and determining the dimensions of the
Rooftop Water Tank based on the formula according to (Noerbambang & Morimura, 1993):
 CAPACITY OF ROOFTOP WATER TANK

1. Calculate the volume of the rooftop water tank

VE={( Qp –Qh-max )Tp –( Qpu Tpu )}

 
Where : VE = Effective Volume of Rooftop Water Tanks (m3)
Qp = Peak demand (m3/min) = Qm-max
Qh-max = Peak hour demand (m3/ min)
Qpu = Fill pump capacity (m3/ min)
Tp = Peak demand period (min)
Tpu = Working time of the filling pump (min)

2. Determine the dimentions of the rooftop water tank

 DETERMINATION OF CLEAN WATER PIPE
DIMENSIONS
The size of the water supply pipe in the building can be determine as follows:

1. Determine the pressure that can be calculated from the height of the building
2. Multiply each sanitary ware by the fixture unit of each sanitary ware
3. Choose the pipe size according to the calculated pressure and total fixture unit.

Below is a table of pipe sizes depending on pressure and fixture unit (source: SNI 8153 2015)
HYDROLOGICAL ANALYSIS
 HYDROLOGICAL ANALYSIS

1. Rainfall Data
2. Consistency Test
3. Homogeneity Test
4. Regional Rainfall
5. Selection of Design Rainfall Distribution
6. Distribution Suitability Test
7. Rainfall Intensity
8. Peak Discharge
RAIN WATER HARVESTING
 RAIN WATER HARVESTING

Rain water harvesting is an activity to collect rainwater locally and store it through various
technologies for future use in meeting the demands of human consumption.
 RAIN WATER HARVESTING USING
MODULAR TANK
Rainwater harvesting which will be discussed in this thesis is a water storage tank
technology using a modular tank made of polyphropolyne or plastic which can be called a
Modular Tank. Modular Tank is a modern infiltration tank that is applied to drain rainwater into the
ground or to reservoirs that require rainwater. This system is efficient and inexpensive.
 
Installation of Modular tank
 BENEFITS OF RAIN WATER HARVESTING
USING MODULAR TANK
Modular Tank is a technology that has not been used for a long time in Indonesia. Modular
Tank is a superior product with many special advantages. These are the advantages for the use
of Modular Tank.

The benefits and advantages are as follows:

1. As Rainwater Infiltration.
2. Underground water storage.
3. Strong against earth pressure.
4. Interlocked horizontally and vertically.
5. Has a flexible volume.
6. Very easy installation.
 WORKING SYSTEM OF WATER STORAGE
USING MODULAR TANK
The working system of Modular Tank as water storage is to accommodate rainwater that is
flowed by pipes coming from the roof. After going through the filtering system and entering the
modular tank, the rainwater will be channeled to the ground tank which will later be channeled to
the Rooftop Water Tank and used to meet the needs of clean water in buildings. The
arrangement of the Modular Tank which is a small modular which is arranged as a reservoir is
arranged vertically and horizontally which is useful for increasing stability.
 WORKING SYSTEM OF WATER STORAGE
USING MODULAR TANK
Materials of Modular Tank is made of plastic or Polyphrolyne that can withstand pressure
1.34-1.39 tons/m3 and others and a weight of 6.54 kgs/unit. This material has more advantages
in price, weight, and durability. The Modular tank excavation is also wrapped by Geomembrane.
Geomembrane is water-resistant so it is suitable as a material for rain shelter.

Modular tank and geomembrane

MODULAR TANK SPESIFICATIONS

Size of Modular Tank

Type Width (mm) Length (mm) Height (mm)
1 390 782 410
2 390 782 820
3 390 782 1230
4 390 782 2050
 MODULAR TANK INSTALLATION METHOD

Modular Tank is quite easy to implement in the field because it doesn't use too much
mobility from the project transportation facilities such as tools. weight and more. In addition,
Modular Tank is easier to implement because the implementation method is quite simple, but
requires accurate accuracy. The following are the stages of implementing the use of the Modular
Tank:

1. The checking stage is carried out on excavations with flat surface conditions, compaction
and depth must also be in accordance with what has been determined.
2. Installation of geomembrane is carried out on the surface of the excavated soil which has
been filled with sand as thick as 150 mm. Geomembrane is water-resistant so it can
accommodate rainwater.
3. Installation of infiltration well modules with vertical and horizontal arrangement and
reinforced with galvanized wire. After the installation is complete, the top of the Modular tank
is wrapped in geomembrane and the inlet and outlet pipes are placed in the modular tank.
4. Backfill with 150 mm sand and compact it.
LIGHTING
 LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED) LAMP

LED is a semiconductor that converts electrical energy into light when an electric current is passed. LED is
a solid and hard device so it has a long life. In addition, LEDs use only relatively low power consumption and a
lifespan of more than 50 thousand hours or 10 years.

The following are the advantages of LED lamps:

1. Has a longer service life than ordinary lamps.
2. Have energy efficiency up to 80-90 percent.
3. The light produced by the LED lamp is not hot. LEDs do not produce UV rays and heat energy.
4. The light produced by LED lamps also does not distort the surrounding color
5. Smaller size so that it can be applied more practically.
6. Does not contain mercury so it is more environmentally friendly.
7. With the appropriate optical lens, the LED light can be directed as desired.

LED lights also have drawbacks which make people think a little about buying them.
The following are the disadvantages of LED lamps:
8. The price of LED lamps is still relatively expensive
9. The ambient temperature can affect the life of the LED lamp
 STANDARD NUMBER OF ROOM LIGHTS

 The following is a formula for calculating the number of lights that should be installed in a room:

 
 
Description:
N : Number of light points
E : Illumination stregth/ target stronger lighting to be achieved (Lux)
L : length of the space (meter)
W : width of the space (meter)
Ø : lamp luminous flux
LLF : light loss factor (0.7 – 0.8)
CU : coeffisien of utilization (50%-65%)
n : number of lamps in 1 point
 ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR LIGHTING

 The formula used in calculating energy consumption for lighting is:

 
INVESTMENT
 BREAK EVEN POINT (BEP)

Break Even Point is the time when the total income is exactly the same as the total cost, so
the company does not make a profit and also does not suffer a loss.
 RETURN ON INVESMENT (ROI)

Analysis Return on investment (ROI) is one of several financial metrics commonly used to
evaluate the financial consequences . In simple terms, ROI analysis is also known as cash
analysis. As a cash flow metric, ROI analysis compares the size of the gain and the timing of the
investment. The higher the ROI value means that the investment is profitable compared to the
investment costs.
CALCULATION RESULTS
 Qd Qh Qh max Qm max
Method
(liter/day) (liter/hour) (liter/hour) (liter/min)
Based on Number of Users 28704 3588 6279 209.3

Water Demands
Total Building Area 3985 m2
Effective Area
Percentage 60%  
Effective Area 2391 m2
Population Density 8 m2/person
Population 299 people
Usage 80 liter/person.day
Water Usage 23920 liter/day
Backup 20%  
Usage Duration (per day) 8 hour
 Ground Tank Rooftop Tank
Qd 28.704 m3/day Qp 0.2093 m3/min
Qs 2.392 m3/hour Qmax 0.139533 m3/hour
t 8 hour Tp 30 minute
Vf 5.7408 m3
Qpu 0.2093 m3/min
Vr 15.3088 m3
Tpu 10 minute
Dimention
Ve 4.186 m3
Vr 15.3088 m3
Unit Dimention
1 
H 2m volume 4.186 m3
L 2.766659 m Number of rooftank 3 
W 2.766659 m Height 3m
diameter 0.733584 m

GT-RT Pipe Diameter

Qm max 0.003488 m3/sec
v 2 m/s
c 130  
diameter 0.047115 m
 Head Pump Pump spesification
Building Height 13.5 m Head 20.241 m
RT Feet 0.5 m Flow rate 0.00125 m3/sec
RT Water level 2.1 m
Hstatic 16.12 m 0.075 m3/min
Hsystem 4.121 m 4.5 m3/hour
Hpump 20.241 m Power 248.209 watt
 Rainfall Intensity Peak Discharge
R24 107.33 mm C 0.75  
t 2 hour I 0.023 m/hour
I 23.439 mm/hour A 1028 m2
Q 18.072 m3/hour

Rain Water Harvesting Excavation

RWH Total Volume 330.000 m3
Total RWH Tank 4 Units
RWH Volume/Tank 82.500 m3
Length 4 m
Width 4 m
Height 4.5 m
 Water+Plumbing cost (Withouth RWH) Water+Plumbing cost (With RWH)
Indonesia Basic Water Rp Indonesia Basic Water Rp
Tariff/m3/month 15,000 Tariff/m3/month 15,000
Water Usage/month (full RWH Supply 325.290
688.896
PDAM) Water Usage/month (full PDAM) 363.606
Rp Rp
Water Bill/year Water Bill/year
124,001,280.00 65,449,005.11
Rp Rp
Plumbing Plumbing
170,719,288 401,964,485

Rp
Difference Bill
58,552,274.89

BEP 5.1 Years

ROI 15%
 EXISTING LAMP LED LAMP
Electrical Electrical
Running Power Electrical Energy Consumpt. Running Power Electrical Energy
N Watt N Watt
Time/Day Consumpt. (KWH) Time/Day Consumpt. Consumpt. (KWH)
(KW) (KW)
        1 day 1 year         1 day 1 year
a b c d e f a b c d e f
      (b x c)/1000 (a x d) (e x 365)       (b x c)/1000 (a x d) (e x 365)
8 328 36 11.808 94.464 34479.36 8 191 36 6.876 55.008 20077.92
8 94 20 1.88 15.04 5489.6 8 101 23 2.323 18.584 6783.16
8 30 20 0.6 4.8 1752 8 27 19 0.513 4.104 1497.96
8 21 12 0.252 2.016 735.84 8 22 14.5 0.319 2.552 931.48
TOTAL 14.54 116.32 42456.8 TOTAL 10.031 80.248 29290.52
               

Price/pc
Lamp N (IDR) Price (IDR) Lamp N Price/pc (IDR) Price (IDR)
RMI TL 2x18 Watt 328 Rp26,000 Rp8,528,000 RMI TL 2x18 Watt 191 Rp290,000 Rp55,390,000
Downlight 20 Watt 94 Rp44,000 Rp4,136,000 Downlight 23 Watt 101 Rp273,000 Rp27,573,000
Tornado 20 Watt 30 Rp44,000 Rp1,320,000 Bulb 19 Watt 27 Rp81,500 Rp2,200,500
Tornado 12 Watt 21 Rp36,225 Rp760,725 Bulb 14.5 Watt 22 Rp54,000 Rp1,188,000
TOTAL Rp14,744,725
TOTAL Rp86,351,500
 Difference/year
Rp14,676,979

BEP 3.1 Years

ROI 16%
 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the results of observations also data processing and calculations that have been
carried out, the conclusions of this study are:
1. The existing building of the Electrical Engineering Building State Polytechnic of Malang has
not applied the green building concept to the plumbing system and lighting system.
2. Rain water harvesting using Modular Tank is one of the green building concepts in the
building plumbing system that can be implemented in the Electrical Engineering Building
State Polytechnic of Malang.
3. LED lighting is one of the green building concepts in the building lighting system that can be
implemented in the Electrical Engineering Building State Polytechnic of Malang.
4. From the calculation results between the existing design and the new design, it is found that
the green building concept is more expensive in terms of material prices. However, the cost
of the green building concept is much more efficient than the conventional concept. This can
be seen from the BEP (Break Even Point) and ROI (Rate of Investment) values ​from the use
of the Modular Tank, which are 5.1 years and 15%, as well as the BEP (Break Even Ponit)
and ROI (Rate of Investment) values ​from the use of LED lights, which are by 3.1 years and
16%.
THANK
YOU