PEROVSKITE

SOLAR
CELLS
What is a perovskite?

 An ABX3 structure: where A is the organic cation

at the center, B is the cation at the corner and X is
the alogens atom in octaedric coordination.
 This structure is not easy to obtain, the small
organic cation in the center avoids the formation
of a layer structure of BX2.
 Absorption spectrum wide: 400-800 nm.
 Brown-black color
 Structure of perovskite solar cells

Inverted (p-i-n)
configuration of perovskite
(p-type) solar cell
(IPSC)

Conventional (n-i-p)
perovskite (n-type) solar A variant of DSSC,
cell, Planar configuration Mesoporous perovskite
(PPSC) (n-type) solar cell
(MPSC)
Diagram of energy levels of the device

 In the figure, the scheme for a PSC

mesoporous device.
 For planar conventional or inverse
systems, the device also works without
eTM or hTM respectively
 Construction of the devices

 conductive glass cleaning (TCO)

 Spin-coating deposition of the compact layer of TiO2
 ( Screen printing deposition of mesoporous TiO2 )
 Deposition of perovskite layer
 Deposition of the hTM layer (spiro-OMeTAD or FDT) with
spin coating
 Front contact deposition (Au)
Cons of the devices

Despite its various advantages, such as excellent

yields, flexibility, etc., this technology suffers from
two major problems:
 low stability to the external environment, in
particular to humidity (6-8 months).
 lead toxicity
Another problem is the presence of defects, grain
boundaries in the perovskite layer, which can be
avoided with other growth processes, such as
Ostwald ripening.
 Improved the stability:
the problem of defects and grain boundaries

From: «Suppressing Vacancy Defects and Grain Boundaries via Ostwald Ripening for High

Performance and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells», Y. Yang, J. Wu, Z. Wei.

Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 1904347

An example of perovskite solar cell

Tandem solar cells:

 Top cell: Perovskite(En.gap= 1,68 eV)
Cs0.05MA0.15FA0.8PbI2.25Br0.75
 Bottom cell: c-Si (En.gap = 1,12 eV)
 Efficiency = 25.7%
 FF = 77%
 An example of perovskite solar cell

EQE of the device

Effect of cell interface

texturization for charge
extraction

SEM image with corresponding

EDS maps indicating the
distribution of lead, bromide,
silicon, and nickel inside the solar
cell
 Sitography

 https://www.ossila.com/pages/perovskites-and-perovskite-solar-cells-an-introduction
 «Suppressing Vacancy Defects and Grain Boundaries via Ostwald Ripening for High
Performance and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells» Y. Yang, J. Wu, Z. Wei; Adv. Mater. 2020,
32, 1904347 (December 2019)
 «Efficient tandem solar cells with solution-processed perovskite on textured crystalline
silicon» Y. Hou, E. Aydin, M. De Bastiani, C. Xiao; Science 367, 1135–1140 (March 2020)
 «Perovskites: The Emergence of a New Era for Low-Cost, High-Efficiency Solar Cells» H.
J. Snaith; J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 3623−3630 (October 2013)
 «The emergence of perovskite solar cells» M. A. Green, A. Ho-Baillie, H. J.
Snaith; NATURE PHOTONICS VOL 8, 506-514 (July 2014)