TOUCH

SCREEN
TECHNOLOGY
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY :

MANISH GUPTA
ECE A2
11080327
 OVERVIEW

DEVELOPMENT
CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING
COMPARISON OF TOUCH SCREEN
ADVANTAGE & DISADVANTAGE
APPLICATION
FUTURE TOUCH SCREEN
TECHNOLOGY
CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION

 A TOUCHSCREEN IS AN ELECTRONIC VISUAL

DISPLAY THAT CAN DETECT THE PRESENCE AND
LOCATION OF A TOUCH WITHIN THE DISPLAY
AREA.

 THE TERM GENERALLY REFERS TO TOUCHING

THE DEVICE WITH A FINGER OR HAND

 TOUCHSCREEN CAN ALSO SENSE OTHER

PASSIVE OBJECTS SUCH AS STYLUS.
CONTINUES….

The touchscreen has two main attributes:

• It enables one to interact with what is displayed

directly on the screen, where it is displayed,
rather than indirectly with a mouse or touchpad.

• It lets one do so without requiring any

intermediate device, again, such as a stylus that
needs to be held in the hand. Such displays can be
attached to computers or, as terminals, to
networks.
 HISTORY
• Touchscreens emerged from academic and corporate
research labs in the second half of the 1960s.

• One of the first places where they gained some

visibility was in the terminal of a computer-assisted
learning terminal that came out in 1972 as part of the
PLATO project.

• The HP-150 from 1983 was probably the world's

earliest commercial touchscreen computer.

• It doesn't actually have a touchscreen in the strict

sense, but a 9" Sony CRT surrounded by infrared
transmitters and receivers which detect the position of
any non-transparent object on the screen.
 DEVELOPMENT
• The development of multipoint touchscreen facilitated
the tracking of more than one finger on the screen, thus
operations that require more than one finger are possible.

• These devices also allow multiple users to interact with

the touchscreen simultaneously.

• With the influence of the multi-touch-enabled iPhone and

the Nintendo DS, the touchscreen market for mobile
devices is projected to produce 5 billion in 2009
HOW DOES A TOUCHSCREEN WORK?

Main touch screen components:

• Touch sensor
• Controller
• Software driver
TOUCH SENSOR
• A touch screen sensor is a clear glass panel with
a touch responsive surface which is placed over a
display screen so that the responsive area of the
panel covers the viewable area of the display
screen.

• The sensor generally has an electrical current or

signal going through it and touching the screen
causes a voltage or signal change. This voltage
change is used to determine the location of the
touch to the screen
TOUCH SENSOR PIC.
CONTROLLER
The controller is a
small PC card that
connects between
the touch sensor
and the PC. It
takes information
from the touch
sensor and
translates it into
information that
PC can
understand.
SOFTWARE DRIVER

• The driver is a software that allows the touch

screen and computer to work together. It tells the
operating system how to interpret the touch event
information that is sent from the controller.

• Most touch screen drivers today are a mouse-

emulation type driver. This makes touching the
screen the same as clicking your mouse at the
same location on the screen.
TOUCH SCREEN DIVERSITY
Resistive touchscreen
Capacitive touchscreen
Infrared touchscreen
Surface acoustic wave (SAW) touchscreen
Strain gauge touchscreen
Optical imaging touchscreen
Dispersive signal technology touchscreen
RESISTIVE TOUCH SCREEN
1. Polyester Film.

2. Top Resistive Layer.

3. Conductive Transparent Metal Coating.

4. Bottom Resistive Layer .

5. Insulating Dots .

6. Glass Substrate
CONTINUE…

• Resistive touch screen monitor is composed of a

flexible top layer and a rigid bottom layer
separated by insulating dots, attached to a touch
screen controller.

• The inside surface of each of the two layers is

coated with a transparent metal oxide coating

• Pressing the flexible top sheet creates electrical

contact between the resistive layers, producing a
switch closing in the circuit.

• The controller gets the alternating voltages

between the two layers and converts them into
the digital X and Y coordinates of the activated
area.
CHARACTERS:

1. Cost effective solutions

2. Activated by a stylus, a finger or gloved hand

3. Not affected by dirt, dust, water, or light

4. 75%~85% clarify

5. resistive layers can be damaged by a very sharp

object
SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE:
(SAW TOUCH SCREEN)
• Surface waves are readily absorbed when a soft object such as a
fingertip touches the substrate.

• SAW Touch Screen use pure glass with transmitting and receiving
piezoelectric transducers for both the X and Y axes.

• The touchscreen controller sends a 5 MHz electrical signal to the

transmitting transducer, which converts the signal into ultrasonic
waves within the glass.

• These waves are directed across the front surface of the touchscreen
by an array of reflectors.

• Reflectors on the opposite side gather and direct the waves to the
receiving transducer, which reconverts them into an electrical signal—
a digital map of the touchscreen
CONTINUED..

• When you touch the screen, you absorb a portion of the

wave traveling across it. The received signal is then
compared to the stored digital map, the change
recognized, and a coordinate calculated. . The digitized
coordinates are transmitted to the computer for
processing.
CHARACTERS:
1. Durable glass construction

2. High optical clarity

3. Activated by a finger, gloved hand or soft tip

4. Not completely sealable, can be affected by large

amounts of dirt, dust, and / or water in the environment
INFRARED
TOUCHSCREEN
Infrared (IR) technology relies on the interruption of an
IR light grid in front of the display screen. The touch
frame contains a row of IR-light emitting diode (LEDs)
and photo transistors, each mounted on two opposite
sides to create a grid of invisible infrared light.

The IR controller sequentially pulses the LEDs to create

a grid of IR light beams. When a stylus, such as a
finger, enters the grid, it obstructs the beams. One or
more photo transistors from each axis detect the
absence of light and transmit signals that identifies the
x and y coordinates.
Characters
• Clear as glass, improves reading
ability

• Most durable surface

CAPACITIVE TOUCH
SCREENS
Surface Capacitive
Structure
Surface capacitive technology consists
of a uniform conductive coating on a glass
panel. Electrodes around the panel’s edge
evenly distribute a low voltage across the
conductive layer, creating a uniform electric
field.
Working principle
A human body is an electric conductor, so when you touch the
screen with a finger, a slight amount of current is drawn, creating a
voltage drop. The current respectively drifts to the electrodes on the
four corners. Theoretically, the amount of current that drifts through
the four electrodes should be proportional to the distance from the
touch point to the four corners. The controller precisely calculates the
proportion of the current passed through the four electrodes and
figures out the X/Y coordinate of a touch point.
PROJECTED-CAPACITIVE
TOUCHSCREEN
Structure
Projected capacitive touchscreens have front and back
protective glass
providing optical and strength enhancement options.
Its middle layer consists of a laminated sensor grid of micro-
fine wires, and
optical enhancement options.
During a touch, capacitance forms between the
finger and the sensor grid.The embedded serial
controller in the touchscreen calculates touch
location coordinates and transmits them to the
computer for processing.
CAPACITIVE TOUCHSCREEN

Characters:
1. Durable and resistant to scratches for demanding
applications

2. Faster and more responsive

3. Immune to surface contaminants

4. Superior optical clarity, brighter display and less surface

reflection
5. Must be touched by finger,

6. will not work with any non-conductive input

COMPARISON
ADVANTAGES:
• Touch screens have easier hand eye coordination than mice or
keyboards.
• Use finger, fingernail, gloved hand, stylus or any soft-tip pointer
to operate.
• Easy to clean and maintain.
• Make computing easy, powerful and fun.
• No extra work space is required as with other pointing devices. 
• Compatible with Windows, Macintosh and Linux.
• Touching a visual display of choices requires little thinking and is
a form of direct manipulation that is easy to learn. 
• Touch screens are the fastest pointing devices. 
• Use finger, fingernail, gloved hand, stylus or any soft-tip pointer
to operate.
• Touch screens are durable in public access and in high volume
usage
DISADVANTAGES:

• Touchscreens can suffer from the problem of fingerprints on the

display
• Stress on human fingers when used for more than a few minutes
at a time. (for example, ATMs).
• It can caused you to feel a little electric shocks if you touch the
screen with your wet fingers. 
• It would be difficult to select small items.
• Screens need to be installed at a lower position and tilted to
tilted to reduce arm fatigue.
• Some reduction in image brightness may occur.
APPLICATIONS:
 Public Information Displays:::
Tourism displays, Trade show display

 Customer Self-Services:::
Stores, Restaurants, ATMs, Airline ticket terminals and
Transportation hubs.

 More uses...
Digital jukeboxes, Computerized gaming, Student
Registration systems, Multimedia softwares , Scientific
applications etc.
FUTURE
TOUCHSCREEN
CONCLUSION:
• Designers are trying to use touchscreen to simplify input
commands for largely unsophisticated computer users.

• Today, a larger share of population is PC literate, yet the

touchscreen has become adopted by computer users of all
abilities because it is simple, fast, and innovative.

• In future there is no usage of mouse and keyboards as they will

be replaced by touchscreens.
REFERENCES:
1. Wikipedia
2. Google
3. How stuff works
4. Electronics for you
 THANK YOU
ANY QUERIES…..???