Automobile Underchassis

Servicing, Repair and

Maintenance

JAMES D. ARTISTA
AETC 2101
 Suspension and Axle
✘ The suspension system of a vehicle refers to the group of mechanical components that
connect the wheels to the frame or body. A great deal of engineering effort has gone into the
design of suspension systems because of an unending effort to improve vehicle ride and
handling along with passenger safety and comfort. In the horse and buggy days, the
suspension system consisted merely of a beam (axle) that extended across the width of the
vehicle.
✘ Axles were originally defined as rigid lateral connections between two wheels which could
be steered together. This type of axle helps ensure rolling stability and simplifies assembly
by providing a connection between the wheels and body. This axle definition is valid for all
rigid and semi-rigid axles
 Function and type of
suspension system
There are three basic types of suspension components: linkages,
springs, and shock absorbers.
• The linkages are the bars and brackets that support the wheels,
springs and shock absorbers.
• Springs cushion the vehicle by dampening shock loads from
bumps and holes in the road.
• Shock absorbers use hydraulic pistons and cylinders to
cushion also the vehicle from shock loads
 Construction of Suspension
Rigid Axle Type Front Suspension System.
✘ There are different ways of attaching the wheels of the car so that they can
move up and down on their springs and dampers. The design of front
suspension and design rear suspension have some differences to the ability
of opposite wheels to move independently of each other.
✘ The beam-type axle is the oldest and simplest of sprung axle arrange­ments.
It still offers certain advantages to justify its use over more sophisticated
suspension systems.
Independent Rear Suspension System

Stabilizer, Shock Absorber, Front Axle, Front

Wheel Alignment, Rear Axle
Road Wheel and Tire
Tire Specifications
Construction Of Tires

Types of tires
 Final drive (differential carrier)
Function of the final drive
Final gear

Final drive (differential carrier)

 Construction of Differential
A small bevel gear called differential side gear is mounted on the inner ends of each
axle. Two bevel gears are placed together to connect both driving and driven shafts at
an angle of 90°. The differential case is connected with two-wheel axles and
differential side gears.

Operation of differential
Simply put, a differential is a system that transmits an engine's
torque to the wheels.
The differential takes the power from the engine and splits it,
allowing the wheels to spin at different speeds.Turn it around a
corner and you'll have no issues, as each wheel is able to turn
independently from the other.
 Brake System

Function of the Brake System

Principle of the Brake System

• Principle of operation: Brake works on the
principle of friction. When a moving
clement is brought into contact with a
stationary element, the motion of the
moving element is affected. This is due to
frictional force, which acts in opposite
direction of the motion and converts the
kinetic energy into heat energy.
Drum brakes Disc brakes
Tandem Master Cylinder
Antilock Device
Brake Booster
Brake Fluid