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Physics presentation Date:16.10.21

1205:Introduction to Natural
Science

Submitted by: Submitted To:

Name: Seam Hasan Khan Name: Sazzad Hossain
Class Roll:1822 Lecturer
Exam Roll:200961 Department of Physics
Regi No:20203252193 Jahangirnagar University
Jahangirnagar University
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Presentation Topics:
1.Acceleration and its types
2.Newton’s law of Motion
3.Transformation of Energy
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ACCELERATION

Here V=Final velocity

v0 =Initial velocity
• Acceleration: The rate of t=time
change of velocity with
respect to time
• It is denoted by ‘ a’
• Acceleration is a vector
quantity that means it has
magnitude and direction
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1.Average Acceleration

•  Average Acceleration :The average acceleration of an object is its

change in velocity divided by the time required for that change.
• We can say that average acceleration is the total change in velocity by
total change in time
• If the velocity of a body at time t0 is V0 and at later time t is v , then
the change of time = t- t0 and the change of velocity is v = v- v0 Now,
according to the of acceleration (average)
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• Example

a= average
v0 v acceleration
v0 = initial
v0 velocity
t0 t
V=Final velocity
t0 =initial time
t=final time
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3.Acceleration due to gravity
Acceleration due to gravity: The acceleration of a freely falling body is
called the acceleration due to gravity or the acceleration of gravity.
Acceleration due to gravity: The acceleration due to gravity is the uniform
acceleration produced in freely falling body due to the influence of the
gravitational pull of the earth.
It is denoted by ‘g’
At or near the earth’s surface its magnitude is approximately 9.8 ms-2 .
This value is used as the unit of acceleration due to gravity.
BUT the value of ‘g’ varies from one celestial body to another.
For example, the acceleration due to gravity would be different on the
Moon as compared to the Earth.
2.Instantaneous acceleration Page no:7

• If the time interval approaches zero, the rate of change of velocity of

a body with time is called the instantaneous acceleration or simply
acceleration.
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Newton’s Laws of Motion

In 1687 the British Physicist Sir

Isaac Newton gave three laws of
motion. These laws can be stated
as follows:
• First Law: If no net force acts on a
body, then the body at rest will
remain rest and the body moving
with constant velocity will
continue its motion.
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Newton’s Laws of Motion
• Second Law: The rate (time) of
change of momentum of a body is
equal to the summation of all the
forces acting on the body.

In general, F = ma.
Second Law: Acceleration is directly
proportional to the net force and inversely
proportional to the mass of the object
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Newton’s Laws of Motion

• Third Law: To every action there

is an equal and opposite reaction
• If a body B exerts a force FAB on a
body A, then according to this
law the body A will exert a force
F BA on B such that
• FAB=- FBA
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• Energy: ability to do work.

• energy can measure by the total amount of work that a body can do
Transformation of Energy
Energy can be transformed, but can never be created or destroyed. The total
energy of the universe is constant. Energy has different forms, like (i)
Mechanical Energy, (ii) Heat Energy, (iii) Light Energy, (iv) Sound Energy, (v)
Magnetic Energy, (vi) Electrical Energy, (vii) Chemical Energy, (viii) Nuclear
Energy, (ix) Solar Energy.
It is possible to transform one form of energy to
another form and it is called transformation
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Transformation of energy

Example: 1
• A stove transforms
electrical energy into heat
energy to cook food

Example: 2
A flashlight transforms chemical
energy from its battery to light
energy
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Transformation of energy

Example :3
• A solar panel transforms
light energy from the sun
into electric energy

Example:4
A microphone transforms
sound energy into electrical
energy.
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Transformation of energy
• Let's look at some examples of multiple energy

Example:5
A television transforms electrical
energy into light and sound
energy

Example:6
A car transforms chemical energy
from the fuel into mechanical, light,
kinetic, heat and sound energy
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Example:7
• A robot transforms chemical energy
from its battery into kinetic, sound,
light energy
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•Thank you so Much SIR