RIZAL KUDDAH

I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D E B AT E
“Do not debate what you want
to debate
but debate what the motion
wants you to debate.”
– A D E B AT E R
BEFORE WE MOVE ON
W H AT S H O U L D W E D O
B E F O R E D E B AT I N G
SPEECH TRAINING
READ AND SEARCH
PRACTICE DEBATE JOIN MANY COMPETITIONS
D E B AT E I N I N D O N E S I A

• Asian Parliamentary System

• Australasian Parliamentary System

• World School Format (NSDC)

• British Parliamentary System

W H AT I S A D E B AT E
IT IS A CLASH OF
ARGUMENT
F O R M AT O F D E B AT I N G
• There are 2 teams debating, each consists of 3 debaters

• One team shall be the Government/Affirmative side, the

other team shall be the Opposition/Negative side

• Each speaker will deliver a substantial speech of 7 (seven)

minutes in duration, with the affirmative going first.
Afterwards, either the 1st or 2nd speaker on both sides will
deliver the reply speeches of 5 (five) minutes in duration,
with the negative going first.
• POIs may be delivered between the 1st and 6th minute of the 7-
minute-speech
• There will be one knock at the end of the 1st and 6th
minutes, and two knocks at the 7th minute to signal that
delivery time for the speech has ended
• For reply speeches, there will be one knock at the 4rd minute,
to signal that delivery time is almost over, and two knocks at
the 5th minute.
• Every team is given 30 minutes preparation time after the
motion is released and before the debate begins
ORDER OF SPEAKING
MOTION
• Motions, also known as topics, are full
propositional statements that determine what a
debate shall be about
• Affirmative should argue to defend the motion,
while Opposition should argue to oppose it
• THBT Student should not wear uniform, THW close
website that helps students to do their assignment
DEFINITION

• Definitions serves the purpose to give a clear

understanding of what the motion means
• Define the motion in context not words by words
or by using dictionary and Should have a logical
link to the motion
• The right to give a definition belongs to the
Government/Affirmative
DEFINITION SHOULD NOT BE..

• Truistic (not debatable)

• Tautological / circular (self-proving)

• Squirreling (no logical link to motion)

• Time and place setting

W H AT S H O U L D Y O U D O I F Y O U H AV E A
MOTION
• Do not be panic

• Translate the motion quickly

• Find the variable

• Decide the case of the motion

• Question the motion

• Make a fair definition

BACKGROUND
• It can be called as a case, problem or urgency

• Every motion has a problem

• It happens in this world not in your imagination

• Make it severe and it’s urgent to solve

• Do not make a wrong case

• Do not talk too long

THEME LINE

• the underlying logic of a team’s case

• explains team’s strategy

• links together 1st, 2nd, and 3rd speakers

• answers “why?” to the (defined) motion

• Theme line may be in the form of: words/phrases, a

complete sentence, a complete logical syllogism
S TA N C E
• What will you do in your debate?

• it should be in action verb

• it determine your objective in your debate

• should be bold not half stance

• ex: THBT student should not wear uniform

• Stance: all schools allow

their student to wear
informal cloth such as T-Shirt
C L A S H E S ( R O O M O F D E B AT E )

• What will you debate

• It gives to your opponent to negate you argument

• it helps adjudicator to know what debate will be

• ex: THBT student should not wear uniform

• Clashes: whether or not students can be more creative

and enjoyable in learning
TEAM SPLIT

• Distribution of arguments to speakers

• Each speaker must prove case, watch for

• Invalid case

• Hung Case

• ex: I am as the first speaker will talk …… and my

second speaker wil talk ……….
 ARGUMENT
• Arguments is delivered in the structure of AREL, which stands for:

• Assertion : A statement of claim or premise.

• Reasoning : An explanation as to why that claim is true. The ‘because’

of your statement

• Evidence : Give supporting facts to strengthen the reasoning

• Link-back : A conclusion of the entire argument as to why it

proves/negates the given motion. This will highly relate to the
consistency and relevance of the argument towards the debate.
THW close website that helps students to do their
assignment
• Assertion: Students do plagiarism in doing their homework
and make them lazy to study

• Reasoning: the website has already provided the answer

without analysing the process to get the answer

• Evidence: google search, google translate

• Linkback: so to avoid plagiarism and laziness, government

should close website which help the students
R E B U T TA L
• Is an argument attacking the opposing team’s
argument, it is divided into
• Offensive: It attacks the other team’s
argument
• Defensive: it attacks the other team‟s rebuttals
towards your arguments
T Y P E O F R E B U T TA L S
• Irrelevant to the point being proven

• Illogical

• Morally Flawed

• Over Hyperbolising

• Correct, but not important or involve unacceptable implications

• Pointing out an absence of analysis

• Pointing out contradictions and inconsistencies

T H R E E O N T H R E E D E B AT E

ROLE OF SPEAKERS
1 S T A F F I R M AT I V E ( + )

• Background

• Define the motion

• Theme line

• Stance

• Clashes

• Team split

• Argument
1ST OPPOSITION (-)

• Clarify definition (if necessary)

• Show the difference of stance (negation)

• Offer responses / rebuttals

• Theme Line

• Clashes

• Theme split

• Argument
BOTH 2ND SPEAKER

• Offer responses/rebuttals

• Deliver points of extension

• tips:

• Do not repeat the 1st speaker argument

• Find another argument and support the 1 st speaker

BOTH 3RD SPEAKER

• Give more comprehensive rebuttals

• Summarise the issues of the debate within a clash

• Provide the clashes of the debate

• Glorify the team’s case (rebuilding)

• The speaker is allowed to deliver new example but not

allowed new matter / argument
R E P LY S P E A K E R

• Be delivered by 1st or 2nd speaker

• Tell the adjudicator the overview of the debate

• what have you rebutted/ attacked/ done

• what haven’t your opponent rebutted/ attacked/ done

• is there any inconsistency, hung case, or something that

hasn’t been answered
W H AT D E B AT E D O Y O U WA N T ?
WHICH DO YOU PREFER?
PROPOSAL OR
PHILOSOPHICAL
P R O P O S A L D E B AT E ( H O W )

• 1st Speaker

• Urgency —> why the problem is urgent to solve

• Point of Justification

• Mechanism how to solve

• 2nd Speaker

• Future Impact of the mechanism

P H I L O S O P H I C A L D E B AT E ( W H Y )

• 1st Speaker

• Urgency —> why the problem is urgent to solve

• Point of Justification

• Nature of your case

• 2nd Speaker

• Future Impact or effectiveness

P O I N T O F I N F O R M AT I O N S

• It is given only 15 seconds, so do not tell a story

• What are they for?

• Question

• Clarify

• Direct rebuttal

• Distraction
QUESTION AND
ANSWER