BRAIN DEVELOPMENT

AND THE COGNITIVE

CHANGES THAT HAPPEN
DURING TEENAGE YEARS

PRESENTED BY: GROUP 3

OBJETIVES:
• In this lesson you are expected to learn what is
brain and cognitive developments in a teen ager.
• Also you will be able to differentiate the different
changes that happens.
• And lastly you will be able to answer the test with
the said knowledge you gain from this lesson.
WHAT IS BRAIN
DEVELOPMENT?
WHAT IS BRAIN DEVELOPMENT?

• Brain development is characterized by sequences

of biological processes that lead to the formation of
functional neural networks
5 STAGES OF HUMAN BRAIN
DEVELOPMENT

• Stage 1: 0 to 10 months.
• Stage 2: birth to 6 years.
• Stage 3: 7 to 22 years.
• Stage 4: 23 to 65 years.
• Stage 5: older than 65 years.
STAGE 3: 7 TO 22 YEARS

• The neural connections or ‘grey’ matter is still pruning, wiring of brain still
in progress, the fatty tissues surrounding neurons or ‘white’ matter increase
and assist with speeding up electrical impulses and stabilize connections. The
prefrontal cortex is the last to mature and it involves the control of impulses
and decision-making.
• Therefore, teenagers need to learn to control reckless, irrational and irritable
behavior. Avoiding drugs, alcohol, smoking, unprotected sex and substance
abuse.
WHAT IS COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT?
WHAT IS COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT?

• Cognitive development means the growth of a child’s ability to think and

reason. This growth happens differently from ages 6 to 12, and from ages 12
to 18.
• Children ages 6 to 12 years old develop the ability to think in concrete ways.
These are called concrete operations. These things are called concrete
because they’re done around objects and events.
• Ages 12 to 18 is called adolescence. Kids and teens in this age group do
more complex thinking.
WHO’S THIS MAN?
JEAN PIAGET
• Jean Piaget was a Swiss psychologist known for his work on child development.
Piaget's theory of cognitive development and epistemological view are together
called "genetic epistemology". Piaget placed great importance on the education
of children. Wikipedia
• Born: 9 August 1896, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
• Died: 16 September 1980, Geneva, Switzerland
• Full name: Jean William Fritz Piaget
• Spouse: Valentine Châtenay (m. 1923–1980)
• Children: Jacqueline Piaget, Lucienne Piaget, Laurent Piaget
• Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that
children move through four different stages of mental
development. His theory focuses not only on understanding how
children acquire knowledge, but also on understanding the nature
of intelligence.1 Piaget's stages are:
• Sensorimotor stage: birth to 2 years
• Preoperational stage: ages 2 to 7
• Concrete operational stage: ages 7 to 11
• Formal operational stage: ages 12 and up
THE FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE

• At this stage, the adolescent or young adult begins to think abstractly

and reason about hypothetical problems
• Abstract thought emerges
• Teens begin to think more about moral, philosophical, ethical, social,
and political issues that require theoretical and abstract reasoning
• Begin to use deductive logic, or reasoning from a general principle to
specific information
• The final stage of Piaget's theory involves an
increase in logic, the ability to use deductive
reasoning, and an understanding of abstract ideas.3
At this point, people become capable of seeing
multiple potential solutions to problems and think
more scientifically about the world around them.
•The ability of thinking about abstract ideas
and situations is the key hallmark of the
formal operational stage of cognitive
development. The ability to systematically
plan for the future and reason about
hypothetical situations are also critical
abilities that emerge during this stage. 
 THE FORMAL
OPERATIONAL STAGE OF
COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT
• The formal operational stage is the fourth and final stage of 
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development. It begins
at approximately age 12 and lasts into adulthood.
• At this point in development, thinking becomes much more
sophisticated and advanced. Kids can think about abstract and
theoretical concepts and use logic to come up with creative
solutions to problems. Skills such as logical thought, deductive
reasoning, and systematic planning also emerge during this stage
AT THIS STAGE, THE ADOLESCENT OR YOUNG ADULT
BEGINS TO THINK ABSTRACTLY AND REASON ABOUT
HYPOTHETICAL PROBLEMS
ABSTRACT THOUGHT EMERGES
TEENS BEGIN TO THINK MORE ABOUT MORAL,
PHILOSOPHICAL, ETHICAL, SOCIAL, AND POLITICAL ISSUES
THAT REQUIRE THEORETICAL AND ABSTRACT REASONING
BEGIN TO USE DEDUCTIVE LOGIC, OR REASONING FROM A
GENERAL PRINCIPLE TO SPECIFIC INFORMATION

• Deductive logic (also called deductive reasoning or

deduction) is a precise and well-ordered system that
aims to provide definite support for a conclusion.
While inductive reasoning can show that a conclusion is
probably true, deductive reasoning can show that a
conclusion must be true.