HOSPITAL WASTE

MANAGEMENT
VIDISHA PAL
111801146
OBJECTIVES
o Definition
o Classification of waste
o Sources of health care waste
o Health care waste generation, segregation, collection.
o Problems associated with health care waste
o Treatment and disposal technologies
DEFINITION

 Hospitalwaste are the waste produced in the

course of health care activities during treating,
diagnosing and immunizing human being or
animals or while doing research.
o 75- 90% non hazardous/ general waste eg.
cellulosic material , plastic, glass, wood and
metal.
o 10-15% hazardous eg. infectious waste,
anatomical waste, cytotoxic medicine,
batteries and radioactive waste
COMPOSITION:
SOURCES OF HEALTH CARE WASTE
o Government hospital o PHC
o Private hospital o Mortuaries
o Nursing homes o Blood banks
o Physician’s office o Animals houses
o Dentist’s office o Slaughter houses
o Dispensaries o Laboratories
HEALTH CARE WASTE
GENERATION,SEGREGATION,COLLECTION

Types Sites of generation Disposal by

Non-Hazardous Office,kitchen, Municipal/ public
waste/General adminstration, authority
waste hostel,rest rooms
etc.
Hospital itself
Hazardous waste Wards,treatment
eg toxic waste rooms,dressing
rooms,OT,ICU,CT
scan,labour room
SEGREGATION

 Done at point of generation of waste and put in

separate coloured bags. Color coding varies from
nation to nation. For eg. In Saveetha Hospital ,Chennai,
following color codes for bags is practiced.
 COLLECTION OF WASTE
 Centralized Sanitation staff or any other sanitation
staff should collect the waste during
morning,afternoon or evening under the
supervision of nursing staff and sanitation
supervisors.
 Garbage bin should be cleaned
and disinfected regularly.
STORAGE OF WASTE
o Waste should not be stored in the generation area for more
than a period of 4-6 hours.

o It is a responsibility of sanitation staff to check for segregation

o Waste collected in various areas should be transported for

disposal / treatment
DISPOSALS

 General waste should be dumped at municipal dumping site

.sanitation officer should be responsible for proper coordination
between the municipal and hospital .

 Use of labels or symbols is useful in identifying waste for

treatment based on risk of corrosion, danger of infection, toxic
hazards, glass hazards, radioactive materials etc.
Problems associated with bio medical
wastes.
Organisms Disease caused Related waste
Viruses- HIV,hepatitis AIDS,infectious Infected
B,Hepatitis A, hepatitis, encephalitis needles,body
enteroviruses etc. fluids,blood, human
Bacteria- salmonella excreta
typhi , vibrio cholera, Typhoid,cholera, Human excreta,
pseudomonas septicaemia, used surgical
endocarditis, tetanus blades,needles
Parasites- Cutaneous Human
Whucheria leishmaniasis,ka excreta,blood and
brancrofti, lazar, malaria body fluids in
plasmodium poorly managed
sewage systems of
hospital
TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL
TECNOLOGIES
Incineration
Chemical disinfection
Wet and dry thermal treatment
Microwave irradiation
Land disposal
Inertization
 Incineration : it’s a high temperature dry oxidation process that
reduce organic and combustible waste into inorganic
incombustible matter. Used for the waste that cannot be recycled
eg for infectious waste and genotoxic waste.
 Chemical disinfections: used for treatment of liquid infectious
waste eg.blood,urine,stool and hospital sewage
 Chemicals are added to waste to kill or inactive the pathogens it
contains.
Wet and dry thermal treatment : it is based on exposure
of shredded infectious waste to high temperature-high
pressure steam that is similar to autoclave sterilisation.

Microwave irradiation : it is used to destroy the

microorganisms.Water contained in the waste is rapidly
heated by microwave and infectious components are
destroyed by heat conduction.
Land disposal: sanitary landfills designed and
constructed to prevent contamination of soil surface,
ground water and direct contact with public.
Inertization: process of mixing waste with cement and
other substances before disposal in order to minimize the
risk of toxic substance migrating into surface water.
65% waste,15% lime, 15% cement and 5% water is used.