LINE DEFECTS

Edge Dislocation
Un-slipped

Burgers vector

slipped

Dislocation “core”
Adapted from “Engineering Materials 1” by Ashby and Jones Dislocation Line

 A dislocation is define by its line and its displacement vector known as

Burgers vector.

 Dislocation line is the boundary between the slipped and un-slipped areas.

 The dislocation line is perpendicular to the Burgers vector in edge

dislocations.
 LINE DEFECTS
Screw Dislocation
displace

cut
Dislocation
line

Adapted from “Engineering Materials 1” by Ashby and Jones

 The dislocation line is parallel to the Burgers vector in screw dislocations

 LINE DEFECTS
Mixed Dislocation

b
b

Adapted from Figure 4.5 of Callister

 The character of a dislocation may change along its line, however the
direction of the Burgers vector remains the same.
 Observing Dislocations
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) Etch Pitting

High Resolution TEM

Copper

Other techniques:
- X-ray
- Field Ion Microscopy
 AREA (PLANAR) DEFECTS: GRAIN BOUNDARIES

Grain boundaries:
• are boundaries between crystals.
• have a change in crystal orientation across them.
• form by many processes including solidification, deposition
and recrystallization. Metal Ingot
Schematic ~ 8cm

grain
boundaries

heat
Adapted from Fig. 4.7, Callister 6e.
flow
Adapted from Fig. 4.10, Callister 6e. (Fig. 4.10
is from Metals Handbook, Vol. 9, 9th edition, Metallography and
Microstructures, Am. Society for Metals, Metals Park, OH, 1985.)
 OBSERVING GRAIN BOUNDARIES

Optical Microscopy HRTEM

Low-angle boundary

Nanocrystalline Ni-15%Fe alloy

Adapted from Callister, Fig. 4-12