MECHANICAL

SYSTEMS
ROTATIONAL WITH GEARS
 Rotational Mechanical System with Gears
◦ Gears provide mechanical advantage to rotational systems

◦ Used with rotational systems (esp. those driven by motors)

◦ Match driving systems with loads (bicycles with gearing systems)

◦ Uphill: shift gear for more torque & less speed
◦ Level road: shift gear for more speed & less torque

◦ We assume that the gears are ideal: no backlash and is lossless

they do not absorb or store energy

a clearance or lost motion in a mechanism

caused by gaps between the parts.
Rotational Mechanical System with Gears

Input gear with radius r1 and N1 teeth rotated through angle

θ1(t) due to torque T1(t)

Output gear with radius r2 and N2 teeth responds through

angle θ2(t) and delivering a torque T2(t)

From Figure 2.27, as the gears turn, the distance traveled

along each gear’s circumference is the same. Thus, r1 θ1 =
r2θ2
Rotational Mechanical System with Gears

ratio number of teeth ∝ ratio of radius

 ratio angular disp ∝

 Rotational Mechanical System with Gears

 
Torque transmitted
to gear 2:

 =
𝑇  2
𝐽  𝑠 2 𝜃2

J  =
𝐾  𝜃2
𝐷𝑠
  𝜃2
 =
 Rotational Mechanical System with Gears

Multiple gears (gear train):

 𝜽 𝟏 𝑵 𝟐
=
𝜽𝟐 𝑵𝟏
Rotational Mechanical System with Gears
Find the transfer function, (i) θ3 is the output, (ii) θ1
is the output
𝑇  3   3=𝐽 𝑠 2 𝜃3
𝑇
J
 
𝐽  𝑠 2 𝜃3

(i)  
 
 
  (ii)  
Rotational Mechanical System with Gears
Find the transfer function, θ2(s)/T1(s)
Rotational Mechanical System with Gears
ASSIGNMENT
Rotational Mechanical System with Gears
ASSIGNMENT