21 Century

st

Literture
Lesson 7: Spur a Culture of Empathy
Most Essential Learning Competencies
The learners will:
• Write a close analysis and critical interpretation of literary texts and doing an
adaptation of these require the learner the ability to identify representative texts
and authors from each region (e.g. engage in oral history research with key
focus on key personalities from student’s region/province/town).
• Compare and contrast the various 21 st century literary genres and the one from
the earlier genres/periods citing their elements, structures and traditions.
• Do self/or peer-assessment of the creative adaptation of a literary text, based on
rationalized criteria, prior to presentation.

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 Prior
Knowledge
Hunt down the words in the box. Then
look for the word’s definition in the
dictionary and match them on the
statement below.

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Elements of Poetry
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STANZA 1 5
 STANZA
◉ It is a fixed number of lines of verse
forming a single unit of poem.

◉ It is a group of lines arranged together in a

recurring pattern of metrical lengths and a
sequence of rhymes.

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Different types of
STANZAS
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 Different Types of Stanzas
Couplet Tercet Quatrain
Two lines Three lines. Four lines.

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COUPLE
T

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TERCET

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QUATRA
IN

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RHYME/RHYME
SCHEME 2 12
RHYME/RHYME SCHEME
◉ It is a correspondence of sound between
words or the endings of words, especially
when these are used at the ends of lines of
poetry.

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 “
Two roads diverged in a yellow wood.
And sorry I could not travel both.
And be on traveler, long I stood.
And looked down one as far as I
could.
To where it bent in the undergrowth;
From Robert Frost’s Poem

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RHYME and METER 3 15
 RHYME & METER
◉ It is the pattern in which a poet chooses to
sequence the stressed and unstressed
syllables in every line of the poem.

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So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,
So long live this, and this gives life to thee.

Double, double, toil and trouble;

Fire burn and cauldron bubble

Once upon a midnight dreary,

while I pondered weak and weary.

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IMAGERY 4 18
 IMAGERY
◉ It is a vivid picture in the mind of a reader
with words.

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20
WHAT SENSES CAN BE REFLECTED
FROM THIS EXAMPLE?
The winter evening settles down
With Smell of steaks in passageways/
Six o’clock
The burnt-out end of smoky days.
And now a gusty shower wraps.
Excerpt from T.S Eliot “Prelude”

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FIGURATIVE
LANGUAGE 5 22
 FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
◉ It uses words or expressions to convey a
meaning that is different from the literal
interpretation.

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 SIMILE
 It is a figures of speech that makes a
comparison, showing similarities between
two different things.

Example: The soldier stood rigid as a tree.

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 METAPHOR
 A resemblance of two contradictory or
different objects is made based on a single
or common characteristic.

Example: He is the black sheep of the family.

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 PERSONIFICATION
 It is a figures of speech in which a thing –
an idea or an animal is given human
attributes.

Example: The sky weeps.

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 HYPERBOLE
 It is the use of exaggeration or
overstatement to make a point.

Example: I am so hungry I could eat a horse.

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 OXYMORON
 It is the use of contradictory terms.

Example: His new girlfriend is pretty ugly.

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 SYNECDOCHE
 It is a literary device in which a part of
something represents the whole.

Example: Kyle is proud about his new wheels.

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 METONOMY
 It replaces the name of a thing with the
name of something else with which it is
closely associated.

Example: England decides to keep check

immigration.

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 APOSTROPHE
 It is a direct address to something inanimate
or dead or absent.

Example: Why don’t you ever work, you

stupid computer.

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 ALLUSION
 It refers to any scientific, historical, literary,
or biblical even or figure.

Example: Tara’s Achilles heel is her hair.

“You are Solomon when it comes to making
decisions.”
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 EDITH
TIEMPO
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 EDITH TIEMPO
• April 22, 1919
• Bayombong, Nueva Viscaya
• Sole female National Artist of the Philippines for
Literature
• Poetry, fiction, novels, and literary criticisms.

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BONSAI
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UNLOCKING OF UNFAMILIAR
WORDS
• slit - a long, narrow cut or opening.

• gaudy - extravagantly bright or

showy, typically so as to be tasteless.

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• shawl - a piece of fabric worn by
women over the shoulders or head or
wrapped around a baby.

• sublimation - natural expression of

an impulse or instinct.

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• merest - that is solely or no more or
better than what is specified.

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What do you think is the sense of the first
stanza?

All that I love

I fold over once
And once again
And keep in a box
Or a slit in a hollow post
Or in my shoe

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What does the second stanza trying to
imply?
All that I love?
Why, yes but for a moment-
And for all time, both.
Something that folds and keeps easy,
Son’s note, or Dad’s one gaudy tie,
A roto picture of a young queen
A blue Indian shawl, even
A money bill.

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What do you think is the significance of this stanza?

It’s utter sublimation,

A feat, this heart’s control
Moment to moment
To scale all love down
To a cupped hand’s size

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What realization can be derived from the last stanza?

Till seashells are broken pieces

From God’s own bright teeth,
All life and love are real
Things you can run and
Breathless hand over
To the merest child

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 What is the meaning of the poem
Bonsai?
 Why do you think it is entitled Bonsai
even though the word wasn’t
mentioned in the poem?

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TITA LACAMBRA-
AYALA

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 TITA LACAMBRA-AYALA
• Sarat, Ilocos Norte.
• Writer, poet, and painter.
• Palanca awardee
• Works has been published in the Philippines and
abroad.

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CACTUS
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UNLOCKING OF UNFAMILIAR
WORDS
• sill - a shelf or slab of stone, wood, or
metal at the foot of a window or
doorway.

• quills - the hollow sharp spines of a

porcupine, hedgehog, or other spiny
mammal.

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• fussy - full of unnecessary detail or
decoration.

• futile - incapable of producing any

useful result; pointless.

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• guile - sly or cunning intelligence.

• subsist - maintain or support oneself,

especially at a minimal level.

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What emotion can be found in the first stanza?

Excuse the cactus

thirsting on the sill
excuse it’s quills
stuck out :
they’re only an attempt
at self-defense.

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What do you think is the relation of the first stanza to
the second stanza?

See how it bleeds

to fossils the old sand
itself looking to be such
a fussy fossil

Not quite futile.

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What is the relevance of the first stanza?
It should require
some sort of guile
some genius
to subsist on suns
some lake of sand
(have both for free!)
and come out looking
freshly green
(juicy even)

as if inspite of
as if in fun

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 What is the meaning of the poem
Cactus?
 Why do you think cactus is used to
express meaning behind it?
 What do you think is the metaphor
behind the title cactus?

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❤
END
❤

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