Institutional framework for Rural & Urban

Development Planning Rural Development:

Approaches, Policies, and Programes: Planning Urban
Development: Approaches, Policies and Programs
Decentralization, and Local Governments Devolution
and functioning of Philippines Institutions Devolution
and functioning of Urban Local Bodies People's
Participation in Rural-Urban Development: Role of
NGO's and Citizen Groups
 Learning outcomes

To
01know the
02
institutional framework To understand different
for Rural and Urban aproahces, policies and
Development programs for rural and
urban development

03
To recognize the meaning
04
of Programs To be aware of the role
decentralization and Local of NGO’s and citizen in
Government devolution developing urban and
rural
BACKGROUND
The Philippines is one of the fastest urbanizing countries
in East Asia and the Pacific. This can bring many
opportunities for growth and poverty reduction. Cities
become engines of growth if well planned and well
managed. Rapid urbanization in the Philippines has
brought new jobs, educational opportunities, and better
living conditions for some. However, it has also brought
challenges, which you’ll see when you move around the
streets of Metro Manila. It’s a large sprawling
metropolitan area of over 12 million, with congestion
that is estimated to cost US$70 million (₱3.5 billion) a
day. When it rains, streets and homes are quickly
flooded because many drains are clogged or non-
existent.
BACKGROUND
Because of lack of affordable housing, an estimated
11 percent of the city’s population live in slums.
With 17 cities and municipalities in the metropolitan
area, trying to tackle these challenges becomes
stuck in deep complexities of urban governance and
management. While other cities in the Philippines
don’t face the scale of these challenges, they tackle
similar issues. The future of the Philippines will
largely depend on the performance of its urban
areas. Already, most people, 40 million, live in
urban areas. Urban areas are beacons of
opportunity; urban incomes are 2.3 times rural
incomes. They already account for the vast majority
(70%) of economic output. The contribution of
urban areas to economic growth is even greater. For
example, in 2000, the largely urbanized Philippines
heartland (NCR + Regions III and IV) alone
accounted for 60% of economic growth.
KEY
ISSUES
Competitiveness and employment
creation.

Creating enough jobs, especially in urban

areas where population is growing fastest,
is the single most important task that
needs to be accomplished in order to
significantly improve the quality of life of
Filipinos.
Urban Poverty.

Poverty rates in urban areas are

typically well below those in rural areas,
consistent with the fact that productivity
and incomes are generally much higher
in urban areas. About 29% of the urban
population live below the $2 a day
poverty line in Philippines compared to
60% in rural areas. People migrate from
the countryside to the city precisely
because of better opportunities for
escaping from poverty.
Urban Governance and Management.

The fact that decentralization, which empowered LGUs, took place earlier
than most of its neighbors is a competitive strength of the country’s urban
system. However, much of this strength is negated by strong countervailing
forces that need to be addressed.
 
Local governments have yet to fully rise to the challenge of development as
mandated under the Local Government Code. Ironically, LGUs have become
more dependent on the national government for funding because of IRA.
Provinces are the most dependent, exhibiting a financial autonomy ratio of
only 18% in 1999 (versus 36% in 1990), compared with 23% for
municipalities (48% in 1990) and 49% for cities (68% in 1990). This
increasing dependence on the IRA, untied to performance, acts as a
disincentive to local governments to raise local revenues and to deliver more
effective governance.
Regional and Metropolitan Scale Infrastructure.

Beyond individual LGUs, there is a crisis in governance of larger

urban-regional scale infrastructure networks which require inter-
jurisdictional coordination and collaborations. Many government
functions, e.g. regional transportation, solid waste, economic
development planning and promotion, need to be coordinated at the
extended urban- regional level, beyond any individual LGUs. This
is not only critical for large metropolitan regions such as Metro
Manila (including Regions III and IV), Cebu and Davo, but also
important for even medium and small sized urban areas because of
the generally small size of cities and municipalities in the country.
Rural
Problems
Overview of Specific Issues in a Rural Context

“The significant majority of the rural poor depend on agriculture for most
of their meager livelihoods. Others depend on associated non-farm
activities. Many of the rural poor live in regions where arable land is
scarce, agricultural potential is low and drought, floods and environmental
degradation are common. Access to basic human needs—education,
potable water, health care and sanitation—is far less available in rural
areas. The problem of malnutrition, low life expectancy and high infant
mortality are more severe in rural areas.” The situation in the Philippines,
where half of the population and 77 percent of the poor live in the
countryside (NEDA 2001), is not any different. The seriousness of rural
poverty in the Philippines has long been recognized. From the 1960s to the
’90s, a succession of Philippine presidents embarked on a number of rural
development programs to address this situation. All of the programs met
with little success. One observer (Serrano 1999) describes these past anti-
poverty efforts in this way:
Rural
Problems
“Every regime … promised to reduce poverty; the last two even declared
total war against it. Not one made good on its promise in a real way.
Poverty seems much easier to create and reproduce than real prosperity.
Indeed, poverty has become the most durable feature of Philippine
reality.”

Moreover, many factors influence health within rural

communities, including individual health behaviors, community
characteristics, environmental factors, accessibility of healthcare
services, and the types of services delivered by governmental
agencies or private and not-for-profit organizations. After
conducting a needs assessment and determining the important
health issues that need to be addressed, it will be necessary to
learn more about the issues.
The issues faced by residents of rural communities are very different
than those in urban areas. Rural residents may face disparities due to:

• A disproportionate burden of chronic disease relative to the general public

• Restricted access to quality health care
• Insufficient or lack of health insurance coverage
• Geographic isolation
• Lack of public transportation
• Poor infrastructure
• Low educational attainment
• Low health literacy
• Poverty and unemployment
• A smaller health care workforce and a lack of specialty care
• Limited availability of bilingual providers and interpreter services
• Cultural or social differences, stigma, and norms
All of these factors affect health and wellness in rural communities.
Institutional Framework for Rural & Urban
Development
1. Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan
(MTPDP) 2001-2004

2. National Urban Development & Housing

Framework

3. Ambisyon Natin 2040

4. Philippine Development Plan for 2016-2022

 Meduim Term Philippine Development
Plan (MTPDP) 2001-2004 01
“Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization with Social Equity.” The
strategy intends to raise agricultural productivity and rural household
incomes, and to remove the poor from subsistence farming and fishery by
providing access to modern agricultural inputs, high-yielding seed
varieties, fertilizers, and robust infrastructure support. This strategy also
promises to expand skill-acquisition programs in order to assist workers
released from agriculture to secure jobs in industries and services, while
agricultural extension work will introduce farmers to innovative
production techniques.
NATIONAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT
FRAMEWORK (NUHDF)
AND HOUSING 02
The National Urban Development and Housing Framework (NUDHF) is the
development framework for urban and urbanizing areas aimed at achieving the
objectives of the Urban Development And Housing Act.

The NUDHF provides an overarching framework for urban development and

housing, consisting of a vision, policy statements, and strategies,
encompassing core development sectors and spatial elements. It is intended to
guide the efforts of the Philippine government, private sector, and other
stakeholders in improving
the performance and efficiency of the country's urban systems.

The NUDHF is intended to be used primarily to guide the formulation and

implementation of plans, programs, and activities (PPAs) of national
government
agencies and local government units. It provides the private sector, academe,
RATIONALE:

The NUDHF, first crafted in 1993, addresses the need for

an overall framework for policy and strategy, based on a
clear urban development vision. The NUDHF contains a
set of policy statements, strategies, and implementation
measures intended to guide public and private sector
efforts towards sustainable urban development and
housing. Since 1993, there have been two updates (1999
and 2009) leading up to this current iteration.
Legal Basis
The Urban Development and Housing Act of 1992 mandates the Housing and
Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB), under the direction of the Housing and
Urban Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC) and pursuant to Article
III, Sec. 6, to formulate the NUDHF in coordination with all local government
units and other concerned public and private sectors.

The Climate Change Act of 2009 (CCA) and its amending law seeks to build
national and local resilience to climate change related disasters and protect and
advance the people’s right to a healthful ecology. It compels the government to
stabilize greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations at a level that prevents
dangerous human interference with the climate system. This is to ensure that
food production is not threatened and that economic development proceeds in a
sustainable manner.
the Disaster Risk Reduction Management Act of 2010, in response to the country’s
vulnerability to natural disasters as well as climate change impacts, “provides for the
development of policies and plans and the implementation of actions and measures
pertaining to all aspects of disaster risk reduction and management, including good
governance, risk assessment and early warning, knowledge building and awareness
raising, reducing underlying risk factors, and preparedness for effective response and
early recovery.”
Section 16 of the Local Government Code (Rep. Act No. 7160) directs local
government units (LGUs) to exercise their powers for efficient and effective governance
and to promote general welfare. LGUs shall ensure and support the “preservation and
enrichment of culture, promote health and safety, enhance the right of the people to a
balanced ecology, encourage and support the development of appropriate and self-
reliant scientific and technological capabilities, improve public morals, enhance
economic prosperity and social justice, promote full employment among their residents,
maintain peace and order, and preserve the comfort and convenience of their
inhabitants.”
 ANCHOR
a. Agenda 2030 and the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs): The 17 SDGs set
the course for the global effort to end all forms of
poverty, fight inequalities, and tackle climate
change, while ensuring that no one is left behind.
Specifically, SDG 11 aims to “make cities and
human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and
sustainable.” Within this goal are targets that
constitute the built environment agenda, and
ensure that issues are addressed through the
spatial
b. The lens.
New Urban Agenda aims to address urban poverty and social exclusion, enhance and
extend human rights perspectives in their application to cities and human settlements, and
embrace a shift in the predominant urban pattern to minimize socio-spatial injustices and
enhance equity, socio-spatial inclusion, political participation, and a decent life for all
inhabitants.
c. AmBisyon Natin 2040 represents the long-
term vision and aspirations of the Filipino
people for themselves and for the country. It
describes the kind of life that people want to
live and how the country will be by 2040. The
long-term vision serves as an anchor for
development planning for the next 25 years.
Part of this is the Philippine Development
Plan (PDP) 2017–2022.
KEY FRAMEWORK PRINCIPLES
The NUDHF aligns itself along the above vision, and translates it into key
principles that will frame urban development and housing strategies.

1. Urbanization as catalyst for inclusive growth

Urbanization must drive and influence the creation of and transformation

towards culturally, socially, economically, and politically inclusive
development..

Citizenship and equal rights for all inhabitants whether permanent or transient,
with added focus on the right to housing and urban services; this includes
women, those living in poverty or situations of environmental risk, informal
economy workers, ethnic and religious groups, LGBT persons, differently abled
persons, children, youth, elderly, migrants, and refugees
KEY FRAMEWORK PRINCIPLES
2. Climate change resilience as a base for spatial structuring and sectoral
development

• Resilience as the ability of a locality and its citizens to withstand impacts and
shocks, and to rebuild, reorganize, or transform itself when necessary

• Resilience as the foundation in planning and decision-making for spaces

(neighborhoods, settlements, development areas, cities, municipalities,
provinces, regions) and for addressing sectoral and/ or cross-sectoral challenges
(environment, social, economic, infrastructure, institutional, including cultural
practices or expression)
KEY FRAMEWORK PRINCIPLES
3. Spatially and thematically integrated settlements within coherent and efficient
urban systems and forms across scales

• Urban design that aids in the integration and efficient function of urban
elements and ensures social and economic inclusion

• Efficient urban planning and design should be considered across scales from
the smallest to the largest unit or element

• Physically, spatially, functionally connected and accessible systems.

• Urban systems that are capable of producing desired results without wasting
time or energy. This includes biophysical, social, economic, infrastructure,
political, and legislative organization
KEY FRAMEWORK PRINCIPLES
4. Urban areas as accessible platforms for social and economic opportunity,
cultural expression, and innovation

• Spaces for all inhabitants, with mechanisms that promote and facilitate activity
and interaction

• Spaces that allow for shelter, decent work and secure livelihoods, formal and
informal economic activities

• Spaces that promote identity and pride of place and support tangible and
intangible cultural assets and creative practices and expressions

• Spaces that support and facilitate new technologies, organization models, and
social, economic, and physical facilities
KEY FRAMEWORK PRINCIPLES
5. People’s participation and empowerment as foundations of urban governance,
facilitating sustainable resource use, planning, management, and finance
• Equal and substantive participation of all stakeholders in the critique,
implementation, and monitoring of urban development policies, legislation, and
actions
• Involvement of marginalized sectors in decision-making for programs that
affect their quality of life, enabling socially responsible private sector
participation and responsibility
• Support for the development of human capacity, promote integrated
governance and capacity building for government staff, and promote
deliberative urban processes
• Embedded participatory and sustainable urban development processes,
structures, and mechanisms
 KEY FRAMEWORK PRINCIPLES
6. Sustainable urban environment

• Protects ecosystems and urban biodiversity

• Promotes efficient, affordable, and clean energy
• Promotes sustainable use of air, water, land, and resources in urban
development
• Promotes responsible production and consumption

These key framework principles are interpreted and expressed in more specific terms as
thematic strategies. Together, they are intended to realize the vision for sustainable urban
development in the Philippines.
 0-10 pt Socio Economic Agenda
Socioeconomic Planning Secretary Ernesto Pernia presented the 10-
Point Economic Agenda of the administration of President Rodrigo
Roa Duterte. With the agenda, Philippines will be poised to continue
growing by a robust pace and in a manner that is more
inclusive. Guided by this agenda, the government is carrying on
macroeconomic policies, ramping up infrastructure spending,
promoting rural development, and investing in human capital
development. The 10-Point Economic Agenda 
1. Continue and maintain current macroeconomic policies, including fiscal, monetary, and
the trade policies.
2. Institute progressive tax reform and more effective tax collection, indexing taxes to
inflation. A tax reform package will be submitted to Congress by September 2016.
3. Increase competitiveness and the ease of doing business. This effort will draw upon
successful models used to attract business to local cities (e.g., Davao) and pursue the
relaxation of the Constitutional restrictions on foreign ownership, except as regards land
ownership, in order to attract foreign direct investments.
 0-10 pt Socio Economic Agenda
4. Accelerate annual infrastructure spending to account for 5% of GDP, with Public-
Private Partnerships playing a key role.
5. Promote rural and value chain development toward increasing agricultural and
rural enterprise productivity and rural tourism.
6. Ensure security of land tenure to encourage investments, and address bottlenecks
in land management and titling agencies.
7. Invest in human capital development, including health and education systems,
and match skills and training to meet the demand of businesses and the private
sector.
8. Promote Science, technology, and the creative arts to enhance innovation and
creative capacity toward self-sustaining, inclusive development.
9. Improve social protection programs, including the government’s Conditional
Cash Transfer program to protect the poor against instability and economic
shocks.
10. Strengthen implementation of the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive
Health Law to enable especially the poor couples to make informed choices on
financial and family planning.
0-10 pt Socio Economic Agenda

On August 23, 2016, Secretary Pernia announced that the planning process is
underway, with the drafting of the framework and list of Planning Committees
for the Philippine Development Plan (PDP) 2017-2022. He added that
planning guidelines for the PDP formulation have been drafted, which will
inform agencies on the priority areas in each sectors that they will work on.
Further, the Philippine government will continue efforts of strongly linking the
planning and budgeting process to ensure the sustainability of priority
programs and projects.
 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN
was specifically designed to cultivate growth and reduce
inequality between the regions. This can be achieved by
directing development to key areas throughout the
country and connecting these growth centers to rural
areas. As such, the Regional Development Plans
(RDPs), as accompanying documents to the PDP, will be
an important tool in guiding both public and private
investments that will catalyze growth in the regions. It will
also serve as our blueprint in laying down the three main
pillars of Malasakit, Pagbabago, at Patuloy na Pag-unlad
that will help us build a secure, comfortable, and strongly
rooted life for all Filipinos by 2040.
Planning System
LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT
The planning function of local governments is embedded in the dual status of local government
units (LGU) as a political unit and as a corporate body. As a body politic the LGU is a political
subdivision of the national government. It is endowed with powers to manage its territorial
jurisdiction for and on behalf of the national government. Being a subdivision of the national State,
moreover, local governments are envisioned to become effective partners of the national
government in the attainment of national goals. To carry out this mandate, LGUs exercise their
inherent powers such as police power, as well as share with the national government the
responsibility in the management and maintenance of ecological balance in their respective
territorial jurisdiction (RA 7160, Sections 2a, 15, and 3i). As a body corporate the LGU represents
its residents, the inhabitants within its territory. It is likewise endowed with powers and resources
necessary for its efficient and effective governance and to deliver basic services and facilities to
enable its inhabitants to develop fully into self-reliant communities. Being a corporate body, every
LGU is mandated to promote the general welfare among the inhabitants within its territorial
jurisdiction (RA 7160, Sections 2a, 15, 16 and 17
Roles and Functions of L
ocal Government
REFERENCES
● https://romepe.dfa.gov.ph/about-the-philippines/people/9
9-trade-and-investment-in-the-philippines/578-the-presid
ents-10-point-economic-agenda
● https://neda.gov.ph/regional-development-plans/
● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LyUZQ3FWpgk
● 2-2-5_Philippines.pdf
● 8312021_Updated-PDP-2017-2022.pdf
● A-Long-Term-Vision-for-the-Philippines.pdf
THANK
YOU !!!