GARDEN

CITY
A city in a garden
or city of garden
Sir Ebnezar Howard ( 29th January 1850 - May 1st, 1928 )

• Sir Ebnezar Howard was Born as the Son of a

Shopkeeper in the city of London, on 29th of
January
• after schooling he took on a number of
clerical post
• In 1871, he emigrated to the frontier country
of America to become a Farmer
• He subsequently spent four years living in
Chicago, witnessing its rebuilding following
the great fire.
H
I
S
T
O
R
Y
The Gardens of Tomorrow: The Book
• this book offered a vision of towns free of slums
and enjoying the benefits of both town ( such as
an opportunity, amusement and good wages ) and
country ( such as beauty, fresh air and low rents ).
• He illustrated the idea with his famous three
magnets diagram which address Town, country,
and Town-Country.
• it proposed the creation of new suburban towns
of limited size, planned in advance, and
sorrounded by a permanent belt of agricultural
land.
 What are Garden City?
• Following the industrial revolution, many
european cities faced an unprecedented rise in
the rate of population growth, intensified by the
migration of people from rural areas to 
urban areas seeking better opportunities
• Developing smaller garden cities linked by
canal and transit and covered by permanent
green belt.
• In light of these issues, in the late nineteenth
century, the concept of garden cities was
created. This model of urban planning was
characterized by progressive ideals to solve the
problems of rural flight and the resulting
disorderly growth of urban areas. The garden
city concept was based on the creation of a
series of small cities that would combine the
advantages of both environments
Garden City Datas
Central City
area: 12,000 acres
population: 58,000 people
Agglomeration Cities:
area: 9,000
Population: 32,000 people
Distance between central main city and
agglomerations: 10 km.
The Three Magnets diagram, particularly
emblematic in terms of summarizing the ideas
of garden cities. Each illustrated magnet
represents a specific environment:

• The Town
• The Country
• The Town-Country

 The First two magnets list the Positive and

Negatives of town life and country life.
 The Third Magnet combines the advantages
of both.
• The idealized vision of the garden city contained specific utopian elements like small communities
planned on a concentric pattern that would accommodate housing, industry, and agriculture, surrounded
by greenbelts that would limit their growth. Many diagrams and maps illustrate clusters of several garden
cities, which was an important aspect to ensure the effectiveness of the garden cities.
Cities like Letchworth, Welwyn, and Stockfeld in England, were built using these ideas, but the
concept was influential in other countries too, even outside Europe, with adaptations and
reinterpretations according to different geographical and historical contexts.

This concept is still

frequently revisited to this
day - albeit considerably
different from the original
idea - to propose urban
planning solutions that
attempt, at least in theory,
greater integration between
urban areas and green
spaces.
Garden City Principle in
Practice

Letchworth, United Kingdom

Welwyn, United Kingdom
Letchworth, United Kingdom
• The first garden city evolved out of howard’s
principles
• it was designed by Raymond Unwin and Bary
Parker in 1903
• it has a population of 33,600
• 35 miles from london
• land of 3822 acres
• reserved green belt 1,300 acres
• designed for a maximum of 35,000 population
Welwyn, United Kingdom
• designed by Louis de Soissons and Frederic Osborn
in 1920
• it is a town with in the Borough of Welwyn Hatfield
in Hertfordshire, England
• 19 miles from Kings Cross and 24 miles from
London
Stats:
• Land of 2,378 acres
• designed for a maximum of 40,000 population
• in 15 years - developed with 10,000 population and
50 shops, industries.