Chapter 2:

Rules of Debit and Credit

and General Ledger
2.1 Ledger and T- account
• All accounts are kept in Types of Ledger
the book called “Ledger”

Sales Ledger Purchases Ledger General Ledger

-- trade -- trade -- 其他不可归

contacts, contacts, 类在 SL, PL 的
customers supplier
 2.1 Format of an account ：
General
Dr. Cr.

RM RM
Double Entry System
two accounts
• Each transaction must involve at least _____________;
debit
• One account should be __________; another one account should
credit
be__________
equal
• The amounts entered as debits must be ___________ to the
amounts entered as credit
• The particulars in an account refers to the name of the
corresponding account
 进出原理
Dr. = 进 Cr. = 出

进公司的东西 公司出的东西
 Purchases of goods for cash RM 1,500.
Dr. = 进 Cr. = 出

Dr Purchases
Cr Cash
 In 8 June 2018, purchases of goods for cash RM
1,500.
Purchases
2018 RM
Jun 8 Cash 1, 500

Cash
2018 RM
Jun 8 Purchases 1, 500
 Sold goods for cash RM 2,800.
Dr. = 进 Cr. = 出

Dr Cash
Cr Sales
 In 12 June 2018, sold goods for cash RM 2,800.

Cash
2018 RM
Jun 12 Sales 2, 800

Sales
2018 RM
Jun 12 Cash 2, 800
 Paid rental RM 850 by cheque.
Dr. = 进 Cr. = 出

Dr Rental
Cr Bank
 In 22 June 2018, paid rental RM 850 by
cheque.
Rental
2018 RM
Jun 22 Bank 850

Bank
2018 RM
Jun 22 Rental 850
 Expenses 费用
• Costs incurred in earning income during an accounting
period ( 企业的开销 )
• Examples of expenses:
• Wages and Salaries
• Insurance
• Rental
• Maintenance fees
 Received interest RM 58 in cash.
Dr. = 进 Cr. = 出

Dr Interest Received
Cr Cash
 In 26 June 2018, received interest RM 58 in
cash.
Cash
2018 RM
Jun 26 Interest Received 58

Interest Received
2018 RM
Jun 26 Cash 58
 Income / Revenue 收入
• Income earned not derived from sales during an accounting
period （除了卖货以外，企业赚到的收入）
• Examples of income:
• Interest
• Rental
• Commission 佣金
 Bought a lorry RM 1,650 by cheque.
Dr. = 进 Cr. = 出

Dr Motor Vehicles
Cr Bank
 In 2 July 2018, bought a lorry RM 1,650 by
cheque.
Motor Vehicles
2018 RM
Jul 2 Bank 1,650

Bank
2018 RM
Jul 2 Motor Vehicles 1,650
 Assets 资产
• Resources that are owned by a business
• Bought in not for resale purpose
• Can be used for a long period 可用超过一年
 Sold an old sofa RM 450 for cash.
Dr. = 进 Cr. = 出

Dr Cash
Cr Furniture
 In 30 July 2018, sold an old sofa RM 450 for
cash.
Cash
2018 RM
Jul 30 Disposal of Furniture 450

Disposal of Furniture
2018 RM
Jul 30 Cash 450
 Examples of Asset 资产 :
• Land and Building
• Premises 房地产
• Plant and Machinery 厂房与机器
• Furniture 家具： sofa, cupboard
• Motor Vehicles 交通工具 ： lorry, van, car
• Office Equipment 办公设备： computer, printer, typewriter, fax
machine
• Fixtures and Fittings 装置与设备： fan, air condition
• Bank and Cash
• Inventory 存货