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    The 3P Model of teaching and learning describes the presage, process, and product stages. The presage stage includes factors like students' prior knowledge and teachers' subject knowledge that exist before learning. The process stage refers to students' approach - deep or surface learning. The product stage describes cognitive outcomes ranging from recall to abstract thinking. Approaches to learning also include strategic learning. Deep learning is characterized by relating ideas and applying knowledge, while surface learning focuses on memorization. Promoting metacognition and self-regulated learning can help students think about their thinking and engage in deep learning.

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    The 3P Model of teaching and learning describes the presage, process, and product stages. The presage stage includes factors like students' prior knowledge and teachers' subject knowledge that exist before learning. The process stage refers to students' approach - deep or surface learning. The product stage describes cognitive outcomes ranging from recall to abstract thinking. Approaches to learning also include strategic learning. Deep learning is characterized by relating ideas and applying knowledge, while surface learning focuses on memorization. Promoting metacognition and self-regulated learning can help students think about their thinking and engage in deep learning.

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    2 views21 pages

    Session 7 - Teaching For Better Learning - Student2021

    Uploaded by

    nauman69
    The 3P Model of teaching and learning describes the presage, process, and product stages. The presage stage includes factors like students' prior knowledge and teachers' subject knowledge that exist before learning. The process stage refers to students' approach - deep or surface learning. The product stage describes cognitive outcomes ranging from recall to abstract thinking. Approaches to learning also include strategic learning. Deep learning is characterized by relating ideas and applying knowledge, while surface learning focuses on memorization. Promoting metacognition and self-regulated learning can help students think about their thinking and engage in deep learning.

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    of 21

    Session 7: Teaching for Better Learning

    What factors affect classroom learning?


    How to foster deep learning?
    Key Ideas:
    How does the 3P Model
    explain teaching and
    learning?
    How do students approach
    learning?
    How to create an
    environment conducive to
    deep learning?
    Focus 1: The 3P Model of Teaching and
    Learning (Biggs, 1996)
    Presage ( 預兆 ): Factors that exist before learning
    (both on the part of students and the teaching context)

    Process: what exists during learning (i.e. students’


    approach to learning)

    Product: the outcomes of learning


    1. The Presage

    Can you name 5 “presages” for each?


    • Student Presage (e.g. students’ prior knowledge)

    • Teacher Presage (e.g. teacher’s subject knowledge)


    2. The Process
    The Process stage refers to “the way students actually handle
    the task, which is determined by their perceptions of the
    teaching context, their motives and predispositions and their
    decisions for immediate action, all of which comprise their
    approach to the learning task”

    DEEP LEARNING

    SURFACE LEARNING
    3. The Product

    The Product stage of students’ learning and describes low-


    and high-level cognitive outcomes ranging from
     quantitative recall (low-level outcomes)
     correct and relevant answers
     abstract thinking
     elegant conceptualization of problems (high-level
    outcomes)
    (Biggs, 1996, p. 52). 
    Think Time:

    How does the 3P Model help you to understand


    L&T as a prospective teacher?
    Focus 2: Approaches to Learning (Biggs,
    1999, 2003)
    Think Time : )

    Give an example when you are Give an example when you are
    engaged in Surface Learning engaged in Deep Learning
    What are some characteristics of surface What are some characteristics of deep
    learning? learning?
    Which type of learning can you see?
    Third type of learning:
    Strategic Learning ( 策略性學習 )

    1. Learning to achieve highest


    possible grades in a course
    2. Focused on assessment
    requirements and criteria
    3. Effort to understand
    knowledge to demonstrate
    learning
    4. Focused on perceived
    preferences of the teacher
    Reflection:

    Some may place a negative


    connotation on surface Can you think of ways to
    learning while viewing promote deep learning
    deep learning in a more when you become a
    positive light but is surface teacher?
    learning bad altogether?
    Focus 3: Understanding “Meta-cognition”:
    A necessary strategy for deep learning

    What is
    “metacognition”?
    ( 後設認知 )

    It is “thinking
    about thinking”
    Introducing
    “Self-regulated Learning”

    ( 自主學習 )
    1. During the planning
    process individuals ask
    themselves: 2. During the monitoring
    process individuals ask
    • What in my prior knowledge themselves:
    will help me with this 3. During the evaluating
    particular task? • How am I doing?
    process individuals ask
    • In what direction do I want • Am I on the right track? themselves:
    my thinking to take me? • How should I proceed? • How well did I do?
    • What should I do first? • What information is • Did my particular course of
    • Why am I reading this important to remember? thinking produce more or
    selection? • Should I move in a different less than I had expected?
    • How much time do I have to direction? • What could I have done
    complete the task? • Should I adjust the pace differently?
    depending on the difficulty? • How might I apply this line
    • What do I need to do if I do of thinking to other
    not understand? problems?
    • Do I need to go back through
    the task to fill in any
    "blanks" in my
    understanding?

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