Fluid Properties

Gas Properties
 Gas Properties
 Chemical Composition measure
– major components
– trace elements

 Physical Properties calculate or

correlate
– gas gravity
– critical pressure and temperature

then knowing Tres and Pres, deduce:

– formation volume factor
– gas density and gradient
– compressibility
– viscosity
 Useful Formulas

Equation of State pV znRT

Universal Gas Constant R: (psi) or 8.314 (kPa)

10.732
(lbmol)(oR) (kgmol)(oK)
(ft3 ) 3
(m )

Molecular Weight:
M   y iM

M M gas
i

Gas Gravity:  g  
28.97 M aire

Critical Constants: Ppc  y Pi ci Tpc  y T i ci

Can also be found from correlations versus gas gravity.
 Pure Component Properties

Table 3-3

Critical Constants Density of Liquid 14.696 psia, 60 oF

Temperature Coefficient of density

o / 60 F
o , 14.696 psia

o
o , psia
o , 14.696 psia

Vapor Pressure, 100 F

Specif ic Gravity 60 F

Pitzer acentric factor

lb/gal (Wt in vacuum)
No. Compound
Molecular Weight

Freezing Point F

Temperature, F

lb/gal (Wt in air)

o
Boiling Point F

Pressure, psia

Volume, f t 3/lb

Gal/lb mole
Formula

1 Methane CH4 16.043 -258.69 (5000) -296.46 667.8 -116.63 0.0991 0.3 2.5 2.5 6.4 ------- 0.0104
2 Ethane C2H6 30.070 -127.48 (800) -297.89 707.8 90.09 0.0788 0.3564 2.971 2.962 10.12 ------- 0.0986
3 Propane C3H8 44.097 -43.67 190 -305.84 616.3 206.01 0.0737 0.5077 4.233 4.223 10.42 0.00152 0.1524
4 n-Butane C4H10 58.124 31.10 51.6 -217.05 550.7 305.65 0.0702 0.5844 4.872 4.865 11.93 0.00117 0.2010
5 Isobutane C4H10 58.124 10.90 72.2 -255.29 529.1 274.98 0.0724 0.5631 4.695 4.686 12.38 0.00119 0.1848
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
64 Hydrogen Chloride HCl 36.461 -121.00 925 -173.60 1198 124.5 0.0208 0.8558 7.135 7.126 5.11 0.00335 -------
 Useful Formulas

Gas Deviation Factor (z): From charts versus “reduced”pressure

and temperature
P T
P pr  Tpr 
Ppc Tpc

Formation Volume B g  Volume at reservoir conditions

Volume at standard
Factor:
conditions
zrnRTr
P

P1V1 z1nRT1 zsnRTs
s
reservorio Pr
bbl
zT Where: T in°R
 5.04 P Mscf
P in psia

P2V2 z2nRT2 rcf

zT
Ts = 60°F =520°R

superficie  0.0283 P scf Ps = 14.7 psia

T = 20 C ----- 60 F
P = 1atm ------14.7 psia
Condiciones ideales Z 2 =1
PV/T 1 = PV/T 2
 Useful Formulas

Gas Density: g  P M
zRT
Gradient in psi/ft
Gas Gradient: 
0.01875  gp p in psia
zT T in deg R

1 z
Compressibility: cg p1 z p

Gas Viscosity: ų g = 0.01- –0.05cp (from correlations)

Api 35 100 bopd
Api 10 200 bopd
 Gas Deviation (z) Factor
0.85 Gravity Gas 200 F

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.3
Gas Deviation Factor

1.2

1.1

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000

Pressure, psi
 Gas Formation Volume Factor
0.85 Gravity Gas 200 F

10

1
Gas Volume Factor, rcf/scf

0.1

0.01

0.001
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000

Pressure, psi
 Gas Density
0.85 Gravity Gas 200 F

25

20
Gas Density, lb/rcf

15

10

0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000

Pressure, psi
 Gas Compressibility
0.85 Gravity Gas 200 F

1.0E+00

1.0E-01
Gas Compressibility, psi-1

1.0E-02

1.0E-03
1/P

1.0E-04

1.0E-05
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000

Pressure, psi
 Gas Viscosity
0.85 Gravity Gas 200 F

0.06

0.05

0.04
Gas Viscosity, cp

0.03

0.02

0.01

0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000

Pressure, psi
 Wet Gas and Gas Condensate Reservoirs

 If “wet gas”, then only vapor phase

exists in reservoir
– Make sure that specific
gravity/compositions include recombined
separator gas and liquid
– All properties as previously described

– Reservoir volumes will “shrink”into surface

gas and stock tank liquid
 Reservoir Fluid
(Wellstream) Specific
Gravity
Rs g   4602 
w  o

Rs  133316 o
Mo
Where:
R = producing gas-oil ratio scf/bbl
 = specific gravity of gas (g) or oil (o)
Mo = molecular weight of produced oil (condensate)

44.29( o )
Mo 1.03  o API 

Encuentran las Psc y Tsc y6084
5.9
 teniendo la P resrvorio y T reservorio encuentran
 La Psr y Tsr para luego determinar Z
PV = nzRT
 Gas Condensate Reservoirs

 If “Retrograde Condensate”, then

hydrocarbon liquid phase forms in the
reservoir.
– Wet gas methods appropriate at pressures above dew point
(single-phase in the reservoir).
– Below dew point, need laboratory volumetric depletion
study to determine:
• 2 phase Z-factors
• Liquid content of produced gas