SPACE

EXPLORATION
Presented by: YEOW ZHE XI
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

DEVELOPMEN
01 HISTORY 02 T
History of the Solar system Early history of space
model exploration

APPLICATION CONCLUSION
03 S 04 S
Technology used in space Conclusion of space
exploration exploration in total
 HISTORY
Historical Development of the Solar System Model
DEVELOPMENT IN ASTRONOMY
Ptolemy (90-168 A.D.)

 • Greek astronomer, astrologer and geographer

 • Built the geocentric model with Earth at centre
and circular orbits

Ptolemy proposed the geocentric theory, which explains

that Earth is the centre of the solar system. Earth stays
stationery while other planets and Sun revolve around
Earth in circular orbits.
DEVELOPMENT IN ASTRONOMY
Copernicus (1473-1543)

 • Polish astronomer, mathematician, economist

and doctor
 • Built the heliocentric model with Sun at centre
and circular orbits

Copernicus proposed the heliocentric theory, which

explains that Sun is the centre of the solar system. Earth
rotates itself on its axis and revolves around the Sun in a
circular orbit.
 DEVELOPMENT IN ASTRONOMY
Kepler (1571-1630)

 • Polish astronomer, mathematician

and astrologer
 • Modified the heliocentric model with
Sun at a common focal point on the
elliptical orbits of the planets

Kepler’s Law replaced heliocentric model’s

circular orbits and epicycles with elliptical trajectories,
and explained how planetary velocities vary.
DEVELOPMENT
Early History of Space Exploration
 TIMELINE OF SPACE
EXPLORATION

11TH CENTURY 1609

Chinese invented gunpowder First telescope used in the field
and used primitive rockets in of astronomy by Galileo
battles Galilei
 TIMELINE OF SPACE
First EXPLORATION
First
human
First
flight of
US
launched
satellite: to set US space
USSR Hubble
foot on shuttle in
Sputnik Space
the Columbi
1 Telescope
Moon a
1957 1961 1969 1973 1981 1989 1990
First First
First
Jupiter Neptune
human
flyby: flyby:
to orbit
US US
Earth
PIONEE Voyager
R 10 2
 TIMELINE OF SPACE
EXPLORATION
Malaysia’s first
microsatellite
Construction of
International Space
TiungSAT-1 Station (ISS)
launched completed
2000 2011

1996 2002
Malaysian satellites National Space
MEASAT 1 and 2 Agency established
launched
APPLICATIONS
Technology used in space exploration
SATELLITE
According to Union of Concerned
Scientists (UCS), which keeps a record of
the operational satellites, there are 6,542
satellites, out of which 3,372
satellites are active and 3,170
satellites are inactive, as recorded by
1st January, 2021.
 SPACE PROBE

A space probe is a spacecraft that gathers information and sends it back to Earth. Space probes
do not orbit Earth like satellites but travel further into and out of the Solar System. Space
probe carries:

● Cameras
● Remote sensing instruments
● Radio transmitters and receivers

Space probe works for purpose to communicate with scientists on Earth about the new
information founded in space.
 ROCKETS
Rockets are used widely in space explorations. When the fuel in a rocket
burns, hot gases are released at high speed through the bottom of the rocket.
The release of these gases produces a force which pushes the rocket upwards.
 SPACE TELESCOPE
DEVELOPMENT OF TELESCOPE

ASTRONOMI HUBBLE
GALILEO’S
CAL SPACE
TELESCOPE
SEXTANT TELESCOPE
Used to measure the More widely used Was placed in an orbit
altitude of stars astronomical instrument 500km from Earth
 SPACE TELESCOPE
DEVELOPMENT OF TELESCOPE

SPITZER
RADIO
SPACE
TELESCOP
TELESCO
E
PE Used to detect
Detects very distant radio waves from
activities in space space.
 CONCLUSIONS
Conclusion of space exploration in total
 END OF
PRESENTATION
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 REFERENCE
Tho Lai Hoong, Che Ahamad bin Daud (2019). Science Form 3 Textbook: Sasbadi Sdn.
Bhd.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler%27s_laws_of_planetary_motion

https://www.geospatialworld.net/blogs/how-many-satellites-are-orbiting-the-earth-in-20
21
/

https://
www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-remote-sensing-and-what-it-used?qt-news_science_products=
0#qt-news_science_products