Chapter - 03

Algebraic Expression
(বীজগাণিতিক রাশি)
I. Expressions :
You are familiar with the following type of numerical expressions:
12 + 6
3 (12)
6 (3 + 2)
15 -4 (6)

II. Variables :
In the expression 12 + B,
the letter “B” is a variable.

Definition: A variable is a letter or symbol that represents an unknown value.

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III. Algebraic Expressions
— When variables are used with other numbers, parentheses, or operations, they create an
algebraic expression.
a+2
(a) (b)
3m + 6n -6

Algebraic Expressions : Algebraic expressions are expressions made up

of variables and constants along with mathematical operators. Algebraic expressions have
no sides or equal to sign like algebraic equations.

Examples of algebraic expressions

are : 2x+4, 7y−3+6x, 3t2+4t−1.

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Expressions vs. Equations
Expressions Equations
No= sign = sign
Simplify Solve

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IV. Coefficients:
 A coefficient is the number multiplied by the variable in an algebraic expression.

Algebraic Expressions Coefficients

6m + 5 6
14b -8 8, 7

So, The numerical factor of a term is called the coefficient of that term.

For the terms, 6y and 2xy,

the coefficient of 6y is 6
and the coefficient of 2xy is 2.

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IV. Terms : Algebraic Coefficients
 A term is the name given to a number, a Expressions
variable, or a number and a variable a+2 a, 2
combined by multiplication or division.
3m + 6n -6 3m, 6n, -6

So, Terms are the individual building blocks of

expressions. They add up to form expressions. A  For example, the expression 5xy – 3,
term is a product of its factors. is made up of two terms, 5xy and (-3).

 Like Terms:
Like terms are those terms which have same
variables raised to the same power. Like terms  For example, 3x2y and 5x2y are like
have same algebraic factors. The numerical terms.
coefficient of like terms can be different.
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V. Constants :
 A constant is a number that cannot change its value.

 In the expression: 5x + 7y + 2  the constant is 2

 In the expression: x -3  the constant is -3

 Factors:
 Factors are those variables or constants, whose product form a term of an
expression.
For example, 8, p and q are the factors of the term 8pq.
Factors are such that they can not be factorized further.

The product of factors forms a term and the summation of the terms forms an
expression.
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VI. Factors and Products :

• Factors - Quantities being multiplied

• Product -The result of multiplying factors

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 What is an Algebraic Expression:

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VII. Powers, Bases and Exponents 2 4

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VIII. Writing Algebraic Expression

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VIII. Writing Algebraic Expression
B. Key words to look for:

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IX. Monomial :
An expression with only one term is called a monomial.
Examples of monomials: 6x, 7pq, x2y, 9xyz , 4bc etc.

X. Binomial :
An expression which contains two unlike terms is called a binomial.
Examples of binomials: 4y−3z, x6−2, pq+1, etc.

XI. Polynomial:
Expressions that have more than two terms with non-zero coefficients and
variables having non-negative integral exponents are called polynomials.
Examples: a+b+c+2, 7xy−8x+2+3y, 5t3−7t+k+3.

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 বর্গ সংবলিত সূত্রাবলি
a
 
  2 2 2
2 2 2
=a +a(-b)+((-b) +a(-b)
a a =a +ab+b +ab
2 2 2
2 2 2  =a -2ab+b
 =a +2ab+b
a    
2 2
 a +b = -2ab  a2+ b2 = + 2ab

   
 -2ab = + 2ab  -2ab = + 2ab
 = + 2ab + 2ab  = - 2ab - 2ab
 = + 4ab  = - 4ab

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 বর্গ সংবলিত সূত্রাবলি

  2 2 2
   =a -2ab+b …. 2
2=a2+2ab+b2…1

1+2 1-2
  2 2 2
 
 =a +2ab+b 2=a2+2ab+b2
  2 2 2
 
 =a -2ab+b 2
 =a -2ab+b
2 2

  2 2 2 2  
 + =2a +2b 2- 2 =4ab
 
2+ 2 =2(a2+b2)
  =  ( 𝑎+𝑏 ) 2 +  ( 𝑎− 𝑏 ) 2
2
 =  ( 𝑎+𝑏 ) 2 +  ( 𝑎− 𝑏 ) 2
2
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বর্গ সংবলিত সূত্রাবলি

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বর্গ সংবলিত সূত্রাবলি

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গানিতিক উদাহরণ

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গানিতিক উদাহরণ

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গানিতিক উদাহরণ

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গানিতিক উদাহরণ

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গানিতিক উদাহরণ

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