Good

Afternoon
Arrange the following words or phrases to form two
related sentences.
Modals
How do I know when to use
modal verbs when I write?
 Review

What words were often present when you

answered the questions a while ago?
Modals are verbs. They express possibility and
probability. They can also be used to talk about ability,
permission, requests, and offers.

The modal verbs are can, could, shall, should, will, would, may,
might, and must.
 Possibility

Use the modals might

Example
and may to express a
chance that something You might catch a cold in
may happen or may be this weather.
true.
 Probability
● Use the modal must to express something is the
result of an action.
● Use must have if it happened in the past.
● Use the modal should to suggest that something is
true.
● Use should have if it is about the past.
● Use the modal can to make a general statement
about what is probable.
Examples

● It’s late. You must be tired.

● Please call again later. He should be back by noon.
● Be careful. Walking alone on that street at night
can be very dangerous.
 Ability
The modal can is used to express
something a person can do (talent
or skill). Use the modal could if it is Example
about the past. Use the modal
could have to say that someone Richard can run really fast.
had the ability/opportunity to do
something but did not do it.
 Permission
The modals can, could,
and may are used to
ask for permission. Example
Could and may are
May I go the washroom,
more formal and polite please?
than can.
 Instructions and Requests
The modals can, could, will,
and would are used to state Example
how to do something or to ask
Can you fix my tie for me,
for a favor from someone.
please?
Could and would are more
polite than can and will.
 Suggestions and Advice

The modals should and

could can be used to Example
express your
knowledge or your You should always believe
in yourself.
opinion on something.
 Offers, Invitations, Obligation, Necessity
The modals can, could, shall, and
must can be used when offering
someone a service or when inviting
someone to do something. The
modal must can also be used to Example
express an action that someone
You must obey your
needs to do. Use had to if the
parents’ orders.
action happened in the past.
Identify the modal used in the following sentences.

1. I should have left the school early.

2. Our team can certainly win this match.
3. She can speak several languages.
4. He shall bring in the prizes soon enough.
5. May I proceed with my spiel now?
6. Karen can play tennis really well.
7. You must go now.
8. Can you help in washing the dishes?
9. She might bring her partner tonight.
10.It must be hard to live on your own.
Encircle the correct modal to complete the meaning of the
sentence. Then, identify the meaning of the modals as used in the
sentence.

A. Possibility D. Permission F. Suggestion, Advice

B. Probability E. Instruction, Request
C. Ability G. Obligation, Necessity
Mikaela has been working for a school project for the entire
day. She 1–2. (may, must) be tired after such an exhausting
activity. Her sister saw this and she asked if she 3–4.(might,
could) help her. However, Mikaela refused and said that she 5–
6. (can, may) do it on her own. Instead, her younger sister asked
if she 7–8. (must, might) want to have some snacks. To this she
replied, “Sure, I 9–10. (ought to, could) use some boost.”
 Values Integration
In the Filipino language, we have “po” and “opo” that are
used to show respect to the person we are talking to. The
same function is served by modals for the English language.
Hence, we can conclude that showing respect and kindness
in the way we communicate is universal and is being
observed in any culture, regardless of where you are
situated in the world. What good does respect bring about
to the world we live in? How do you show respect to your
friends and classmates, teachers, siblings, and parents?
Form a group with four members each. Each group will
prepare a skit and each member will be assigned a character
with the following traits:

a. Randy/Rina the Righteous - always right and always

has an advice to give to anyone (stating obligation)
b. Scotty/Sammy the Super - has the ability to perform
any kind of task; nothing is impossible (stating ability)
c. Darius/Darla the Demanding - always has demands and
always insists that things should go his/her way (stating
necessity)
d. Perry/Patty the Paranoid - always thinks of things that
might happen (stating possibility)