Monday, November 15, 1

2021
 Message of the day

Monday, November 15, 2021 Engr Irfan Majid 2

 Amplitude Modulation
(Chapter 3 – Text Book)
Lecture 8
AvE-4

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 Lecture Objectives

 Understand how SSB-SC signals are demodulated

 Understand the frequency translation process
 Become familiar with concepts of Vestigial Side
Bands
 Become familiar with the concept of baseband
 Be able to analyze Frequency Division
Multiplexing

Text book topics: 3.6, 3.7, 3.8

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 SSB-SC Modulation

In suppressing the carrier, DSB-SC modulation takes care of a major limitation

of AM that pertains to the wastage of transmitted power. To take care of the
other major limitation of AM that pertains to channel bandwidth, we need to
suppress one of the two sidebands in the DSB-SC modulated wave. This
modification of DSB-SC modulation is precisely what is done in single
sideband (SSB) modulation. In effect, SSB modulation relies solely on the
lower sideband or upper sideband to transmit the message signal across a
communication channel. Depending on which particular sideband is actually
transmitted, we speak of lower SSB or upper SSB modulation.

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 SSB-SC Modulation
Theory

We follow the book Section 3.6 page 123 onwards

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 SSB-SC Modulation
Theory
Hilbert Transform

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 SSB-SC Modulation
Theory
Hilbert Transform

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 Generation of SSB-SC
Frequency Discrimination Method

Block Diagram

Spectral Components
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 Generation of SSB-SC
Phase Discrimination Method

Using Hilbert Transforms

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 Demodulation of SSB-SC
Coherent Detection

Similar to DSB-SC

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 Vestigial Side Band Modulation

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Base Band Representation of Signals
From the discussion of different modulation strategies presented in this
chapter, we see that a modulated wave using a sinusoidal wave as the carrier is
actually a band-pass signal centered on the carrier frequency. By virtue of this
very fact, the carrier wave imprints itself into the structure of the modulated
wave. In an explicit sense, it does so when the carrier wave is contained as a
separate component in the transmitted signal. When the carrier wave is
suppressed, it makes its presence known to the receiver in an implicit sense by
positioning the sidebands of the transmitted spectrum around the carrier
frequency in one form or another, depending on the type of modulation used.
Typically, the carrier frequency is large compared to the message bandwidth,
which makes the processing of a modulated wave on a digital computer a
difficult proposition.

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Base Band Representation of Signals

However, from the modulation theory presented in this chapter, we do know

that all the information content of a message signal resides completely in the
sidebands of the modulated wave. Accordingly, when the objective is to
process a modulated wave on a computer, the efficient procedure is to do the
processing on the baseband version of the modulated wave rather than directly
on the modulated wave itself. The term “baseband” is used to designate the
band of frequencies representing the original signal as delivered by a source of
information.

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 Generic Form of AM Equation

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 Frequency Translation

The basic operation performed in single sideband modulation is in fact a form of

frequency translation, which is why single sideband modulation is sometimes
referred to as frequency changing, mixing, or heterodyning.
The idea of single sideband modulation has thus far been presented in the
context of a raw message signal. This idea may be generalized to encompass
frequency translation as follows. Suppose that we have a modulated wave
whose spectrum is centered on a carrier frequency and the requirement is to
translate it upward or downward in frequency, such that the carrier frequency is
changed from to a new value This requirement is accomplished by using a mixer.

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 Frequency Translation

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 Frequency Translation

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 Frequency Division Multiplexing

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 Frequency Division Multiplexing

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 Frequency Division Multiplexing

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Monday, November 15, 2021 Engr Irfan Majid 23