FAÇADE SYSTEM

REPORT

18AR35
ATIF MOMIN
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FAÇADE 2
FACADE

Façade systems comprise the structural elements that provide lateral and vertical
resistance to wind and other actions, and the building envelope elements that provide
the weather resistance and thermal, acoustic and fire resisting properties.
The types of façade system that are used depends on the type and scale of the building
and on local planning requirements that may affect the building’s appearance in
relation to its neighbours.
For example, brickwork is often specified as the external façade material, but the
modern way of constructing the inner leaf consists of light steel wall elements (called
infill walling) that have effectively replaced more traditional blockwork.

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STONE CLADDING
Stone cladding is a popular material for both interior
and exterior applications. Derived from the earth,
natural stone is favoured for its organic nature, tonal
variations and imperfections. It’s also a highly durable
material and versatile with many stone types, formats
and finishes available.
Natural stone cladding can be installed on the wall
either by using a wet method or dry method. In wet
method mortar mix of cement or adhesives are used.
In the dry method, the stones are installed
mechanically to the wall either by drilling and bolting
or by arranging the stones on a metal frame system.

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ACP
Aluminium composite panels (ACP), made
of aluminium composite material, are flat panels
consisting of two thin coil-coated aluminium sheets
bonded to a non-aluminium core. ACPs are frequently
used for external cladding or facades of buildings,
insulation, and signage.
ACP is mainly used for external and internal architectural 
cladding or partitions, false ceilings, signage, machine
coverings, container construction, etc. Applications of
ACP are not limited to external building cladding, but can
also be used in any form of cladding such as partitions,
false ceilings, etc. ACP is also widely used within the
signage industry as an alternative to heavier, more
expensive substrates.
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▪ Wet Sealant Joint
This is one of the most common methods of installing the
ACP sheets. The system has tray type panels and sealing
joints. The ACP sheet, under this system, is first fixed on
the sub-structure. Then a suitable sealing material is applied
to the joints. This ensures water tightness to the panels. The
Wet Sealant Joint method of installing the ACP sheets is
used in new buildings as well as for renovation projects.

▪ Hanging Method
Another installation method is the hanging method. As the
name specifies, the panels under this method are not tightly
fastened but simply hung from the sub-frame. This
installation method is quite simple and takes much lesser
time. The panels get adequate space to expand and contract
as per the season.
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▪ Dry Gasket Joint
In this method, of installing the ACP sheets, gaskets are
used instead of sealants. The surfaces of aluminium
composite panels that have sealants in the joints are prone
to staining and dirt. However, the said problem is addressed
through this method. The gaskets are as durable as the
sealants and therefore, can be effectively used for installing
the ACP sheets.

▪ Narrow Open Joint

The stone and timber patterned aluminium composite
panels are installed using the narrow open joint method.
This method is most suitable for such panels because the
narrow joints give them an aesthetic look. Depending upon
the requirement, EPDM gaskets or sealants may be used in
the joints.
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CURTAIN WALL
Curtain wall system comprises one of the
elements of facade technology in high rise
building. Facades involves window wall,
cladding elements and curtain walls which
generates the exterior envelope of the building.
The curtain wall systems now possess structural
importance equivalent to that gained by other
structural elements of the building. As it has a
higher exposure to exterior atmosphere, it has
to be properly designed, installed and
maintained keeping in mind the functionality
and sustainability.
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Types of Curtain Wall System

Stick Curtain Wall System involves its

components to be assembled piece by piece on the building at
the site. These are mainly installed in low rise building or
small regions. This is because, to reach higher elevations
exterior access is essential. For this additional requirements
like scaffolding, cranes etc. will be required.

Unitized curtain wall systems involves assembling by means

of interlocking units that are bought from the factory. The
whole components are bought together as a single unit from
the factory. Individual installation of each component are not
necessary as in sticky curtain wall system. The size of the
unitized curtain walls are dependent on the floor to floor
height of the building.  9
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 Components of a Curtain Wall

Transom
Mullions
Vision Glass
Anchor

Transom or horizontal rails are horizontal members on the

curtain wall panel. The mullions or vertical rails are anchored
to the edge slab or beam. These are mainly involved in
supporting the dead weight of the curtain wall. In
conventional or sticky curtain wall system each system has to
be placed one after the other. High quality check and
precision in required for the installation. But in unitized
system the factory product comes as two units alone which
has to connected.  11