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(BPD)
Description
Is a chronic lung disease that can affect newborns or
premature babies with underdeveloped lungs.
“Broncho” means the airways, or the bronchial tubes,
which allows oxygen to travel into the lungs.
“Pulmonary” is pertaining to the alveoli, which are the
tiny air sacs located in the lungs, where gas exchange of
oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs.
“Dysplasia” means abnormal changes in the cell of the
smaller airways and the alveoli.
Newborn babies that are diagnosed with BPD has a
difficult time breathing, because their lungs are unable
to perform gas exchange in the alveoli.
Genetics
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) is not genetics.
Incidence and Prevalence in the
United States
Incidence:
Affect 1 in 54,400 or 0 in 5,000
Prevalence:
◦ 5,000 or 10,000 new cases of newborns with BPD
Predominant Age and Sex
Usuallyaffect premature infants more than 10
weeks before their due dates.
Signs and Symptoms
Rapid, shallow breathing
Sucked in ribs
Chest (retraction)
Coughing
Paradoxical respiration
Wheezing
Abnormal posture
Craning necks
Signs and Symptoms (Cont.)
Bluish skin color
Episodic cyanosis
Episodic asthma like symptoms
Respiratory tract infection
Irritability
Fever
Nasal congestion
Changes in breathing pattern
Wheezing
Risk Factors
Congenital heart disease
Prematurity, usually in infants born before 32 weeks of
gestation
Severe respiratory or lung infection
Labs or Procedures Required
for Diagnosis
Chest X Ray
Blood test
Echocardiography
History and physical examination
Chest CT scan
Bronchoscopy
Lung biopsy
Differential Diagnosis
Asthma
Treatment
There is no cure, treatment is geared to support
breathing and provide oxygen by ventilator.
Using radiant warmers, or incubators
Intensive care unit
Sever cases, short course of steroids, anti-
inflammation drug.
Antibiotics, to fight bacterial infection to
prevent from developing pneumonia.
Type of Diet or Education Given to
the Patient
Severe cases, some babies require IV feeding, TPN, fats,
proteins, sugar, and nutrients.
Prognosis
No cure for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.
Slowly get better over time with oxygen therapy.
As infants, their risk for repeated and serious pulmonary
infection like asthma, cardiac dysfunction, and neurologic
impairments.
Remain at high risk for pulmonary morbidity and mortality
for the first 2 years of life.
Some infant might not survive.
Some are left with chronic lung damage.
Have been reported 335 deaths from BPD