Applications on neurological and

neuropsychiatric diseases

Members
• José Alfredo Osorio Ciro
• Daniela Alejandra Holguin Aguirre
• Fabian Andrés Cárdenas Mesa
 Content

Contextualization
Study of Case
• Results of Study’s Case
Other Deseases
Conclusions
Bibliography
 Contextualization

Neurological diseases are disorders that arise from the damage and degeneration of the central
nervous system. The causes are associated with genetic, environmental factors, and injuries to the
nervous system or other parts of the brain.

Figure 1. taken from Figure 2. taken from https://psiquiatrianet.wordpress.com/2013/02/04/por-que-a-la-

https://twitter.com/alzheimervzla/status/693565733381521408 enfermedad-neurologica-la-llaman-enfermedad-mental/
 Study of Case

Neurological diseases: Parkinson Deseases

Applied Method: MLP ANN
The dataset was created by Max little from the
University of Oxford with collaboration of the
National Centre for Voice and Speech, Denver.
Colorado, taken from the University of California at
Irvine (UCI) machine learning repository.

Figure 3. taken from https://sinapsismx.org/2018/04/11/enfermedad-de-parkinson-y-

estimulacion-cerebral-profunda/
Results of Study’s Case
a)

b)
Figure 4. a) MLP classifier
test output
b) RBF classifier test output,
figure taken from
Gharehchopogh F. S. and
Mohammadi
P., A Case Study of
Parkinson's Disease
Diagnosis using Artificial
Neural Networks
Table 1. MLP and RBF ANNs Test Results Accuracy
Neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases are
disorders that arise from the damage and
degeneration of the central nervous system. Examples
of these disorders include
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD),
and attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Neural networks, which are a form of artificial intelligence,

can be applied in these cases to provide early and more
accurate diagnosis of these diseases allowing for better
and more effective treatment of affected patients and
differentiating them from patients who may have other
disorders or those who are healthy.
 Alzheimer’s disease

AD is the most common type of neurodegenerative disease, which accounts for approximately 60%–80%
of dementias [4], leading to an irreversible and gradual mental deterioration as a result of neuronal death in
the brain, eventually leading to death.

AD is neuropathologically characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques (caused by the aggregation of

amyloid beta (Aβ) protein) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) (caused by the aggregation of
hyperphosphorylated tau protein), along with deficits in certain neurotransmitter systems
 Alzheimer’s disease

Structural magnetic resonance Positron emission tomography

imaging (sMRI), is one of the most (PET), imaging is a functional
frequently used imaging techniques in imaging technique that provides
AD clinical assessment. The unique information and has shown
disadvantages of using sMRI are that it great sensitivity in tracking brain
cannot show AD behavior at a cellular alterations over time
level and may also give results that are
inacurate

Methods

Functional magnetic resonance F-Florbetapir (18F-AV45), is the

imaging (fMRI) ,has in recent years been preferred radiotracer because it boasts
used as functional neuroimaging and can optimum kinetics and selectivity
detect changes in brain function in the features, which bind specifically to
earlier stages of the disease and track amyloid plaques.
the progression of atrophy
 Alzheimer’s disease

The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) is a public-private partnership, led by Principal
Investigator Michael W. Weiner and was launched in 2003. The goal of ADNI is to test whether serial
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), other biological markers, and
clinical and neuropsychological assessment can be combined to measure the progression of AD in its
early stages by providing very large clinical and imaging data sets.
 Alzheimer’s disease

Many studies have used the

ADNI database for the
classification and detection of AD
, the Table summarizes the
results of different reports on the
classification of AD with different
neural network algorithms on the
PET and MRI data sets and the
use of biological, genetic, and
cognitive measurements as
supportive inputs.
Alzheimer’s disease