Steel

Dr. Mahesh Mungule

IITRAM
Introduction
 Types of Steel
• Non-alloy steels (carbon steels)
• Alloy steels
Inclusions, % Non-alloy steels Alloy steels
(carbon steels)
Mn ≤ 1,65 > 1,8
Si ≤ 0,5 > 0,5
Cr ≤ 0,3 > 0,5
Ni ≤ 0,3 > 0,5
Ti ≤ 0,05 > 0,12
V ≤ 0,1 > 0,12
 Early Uses

• 1840: Wrought Iron began

replacing Iron

• 1855: Development in steel in

large quantities at cheaper
prices

• 1989: Steel shapes having yield

strength of 24,000 to 100,000
psi were produced
 Stress-Strain Diagram
ultimate
tensile
strength 3 necking
 UTS

E
Slope=
Strain
yield Hardening Fracture
strength
y 5
2
Stress (F/A)

Elastic region
Plastic slope=Young’s(elastic) modulus
Region
yield strength
Plastic region
ultimate tensile strength
Elastic strain hardening
Region
σ Eε 4
fracture
σ 1
E
ε E
σy Strain ( 
) (e/Lo)
ε 2  ε1
Mild Steel
 Medium and High Carbon Steel
High Carbon Steel
Medium Carbon Steel
Steel Structures
Advantages of Using Steel
Limitations
Structural Steel
Steel Sections
Reinforcement Steel
Mechanical properties of steel
depends on
• chemical composition
• rolling methods
• rolling thickness
• heat treatment
• stress history
• thermal expansion
Fire Performance
Corrosion Protection