VOLCANISM &

PLUTONISM
 Contents
• Volcanism • Plutonism
• Formation of volcanoes • Igneous Intrusion
• Positive & negative • Three common types of
effects of volcanic intrusion
eruption – Sills
– Dykes
– Batholiths
 Objectives
At the end of this presentation you will be
able to learn:
• the definition of volcanism and plutonism
• how volcanoes are formed
• the effects of volcanic eruption
• the definition of igneous intrusion
• the three common types of intrusion
 VOLCANISM
Volcanism is the phenomenon of eruption
of molten rock onto the surface of the
Earth or a solid-surface planet or moon,
where lava, pyroclastics and volcanic gases
erupt through a break in the surface called
a vent.
 The Formation of
Volcanoes
Volcanoes are formed when magma from
within the Earth's upper mantle works its
way to the surface. At the surface, it erupts
to form lava flows and ash deposits. Over
time as the volcano continues to erupt, it
will get bigger and bigger.
GIF
 Positive Effects of
Volcanic Eruption
 Geothermal energy is where heat from within the Earth is
used to generate electricity. Geothermal energy can be
generated in areas where magma lies close to the surface.
This is good for increasing renewable energy use.
 Ash ejected by the volcano acts as a good fertilizer for soils.
 Volcanoes attract many tourists, who enjoy the dramatic
scenery that they produce.
 Rising magma brings valuable minerals to the surface,
creating mining opportunities
 Negative Effects of
Volcanic Eruption
 Volcanoes are dangerous. They can kill and damage
property.

 Economic activity can suffer as it is hard for

businesses to operate after an eruption.

 Habitats and landscapes are damaged by lava flows.

 PLUTONISM
Plutonism is the geologic theory that the igneous
rocks forming the Earth originated from intrusive
magmatic activity, with a continuing gradual process
of weathering and erosion wearing away rocks, which
were then deposited on the sea bed, re-formed into
layers of sedimentary rock by heat and pressure, and
raised again.
 Igneous Intrusion
In geology, an igneous intrusion (or intrusive body or
simply intrusion) is a body of intrusive igneous rock
that forms by crystallization of magma slowly cooling
below the surface of the Earth.
Three common
types of
intrusion
 Sills
- form when magma intrudes
between the rock layers,
forming a horizontal or gently-
dipping sheet of igneous rock.
 Dykes
- form as magma pushes up
towards the surface through
cracks in the rock. Dykes are
vertical or steeply-dipping sheets
of igneous rock.
 Batholiths
- are large, deep-seated
intrusions that form as thick,
viscous magma slowly makes
its way toward the surface.
 References
• https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanism
• https://www.weatherwizkids.com/weather-volcano.htm
• https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zww4nbk/revisi
on/3
• https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonism
• https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_intrusion
• https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/ks3/gsl/education/resource
s/rockcycle/page3598.html
 Thank You!

Presented by:
Anthony B. Ilagan