Logic Practice Problems

Problem Set #1: Convert to English

• 1. ∀x: isBunny(x) ⇒ isCute(x)
• 2. ∀x: isStudent(x) ∧ studiesAI(x) ⇒ isCool(x)
• 3. ∀x: isBunny(x) ∧ isStudent(x) ∧ studiesAI(x) ⇒ isCute(x) ∧
isCool(x)
• 4. ∀x: eatsRamen(x) ⇒ isHomeless(x) ∨ isDoingPhD(x)
• 5. ∃s ∀h: isStudent(x) ∧ studies(s, AI) ∧ homeworkFor(h, AI) ∧
¬Hates(s,h)
• 6. ∀x: (isCat(x) ⇒ isCool(x)) ∧ (isDog(x) ⇒ Drools(x))
Answer Follows…
Problem Set #1 Answers
• 1. All bunnies are cute
• 2. All students taking AI are cool
• 3. Every bunny who is a student taking AI is cute and cool
• 4. Everyone who eats Ramen is either homeless or is doing a PhD
• 5. There is at least 1 student who does not hate any AI homework.
• 6. All cats are cool and all dogs drool.
Problem Set #2: Convert to First-Order Logic
• 1. There is a bunny who is cute.
• 2. Elder gods do not like Hello Kitty.
• 3. There is only one Bradman.
• 4. Every child who has a Trump card is cool. Use Has(x,y) to denote that “x
has y”.
• 5. Some students took CSE 228 in Fall 2021. Use Takes(person, course,
semester)
• 6. Every student who takes CSE 228 passes the course in every semester.
Use Takes(person, course, semester), and Passes(person, course,
semester).
Answer Follows…
Answer
• 1. ∃x: isBunny(x) ∧ isCute(x)
• 2. ∀x: isElderGod(x) ⇒ ¬Likes(x, Hello Kitty)
• 3. ∃x: isBradman(x) ∧ ∀y: isBradman(y) ⇒ (x=y)
• 4. ∀x ∀y: isChild(x) ∧ isTrumpCard(y) ∧ Has(x,y) ⇒ Cool(x)
• 5. ∃x: isStudent(x) ∧ Takes(student, CSE 228, Fall 2021)
• 6. ∀x ∀y: isStudent(x) ∧ inSemester(y) ∧ Takes(x, CSE 228, y) ⇒
Passes(x, CSE 228, y)
Problem Set #3: Find the missing logic
symbol
• 1. ∀x: Something(x) ??? SomethingElse(x)
• 2. ∃x: Something(x) ??? SomethingElse(x)
Answer Follows…
Answer
• 1. ⇒
• 2. ∧
Problem Set #3: Are the logic statements correctly
written? If not, correct the logic statement.
• 1. English: Peter has at least 2 children.
• First-order logic: ∃x ∃y: parentOf(Peter, x) ∧ parentOf(Peter, y)
• 2. English: Someone at Presidency is intelligent.
• First-order logic: ∃x: atPresidency(x) ∧ isIntelligent(x)
Answer Follows…
Answers
• 1. English: Peter has at least 2 children.
• First-order logic: ∃x ∃y: parentOf(Peter, x) ∧ parentOf(Peter, y)
• No.
• Solution: ∃x ∃y: parentOf(Peter, x) ∧ parentOf(Peter, y) ∧ ¬(x=y)
• 2. English: Someone at Presidency is intelligent.
• First-order logic: ∃x: atPresidency(x) ∧ isIntelligent(x)
• Yes.
Problem Set #4: Convert to English
• 1. ∀x: isIITian(x) ⇒ isSmart(x)
• 2. ∀x: isIITian(x) ∧ isSmart(x)
• 3. ∃x: isIITian(x) ⇒ isSmart(x)
• 4. ∃x: isIITian(x) ∧ isSmart(x)
• 5. ∀x ∀y: Knows(x,y)
• 6. ∀x ∃y: Knows(x,y)
• 7. ∃x ∀y: Knows(x,y)
Answer Follows…
Answers
• 1. All IITians are smart
• 2. Everyone is an IITian and everyone is smart.
• 3. There is someone who, if he is an IITian is also smart.
• 4. There is someone who is an IITian and is smart.
• 5. Everybody knows everybody.
• 6. Everybody knows at least one person
• 7. There is at least one person who knows everyone.