MODULE NO.

1
ARBT 5
PRECAST AND CAST IN PLACE
PREPARED BY: ESB
 INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, the construction industry is growing more and more

with new technics. Various researches and development
programs are held by researcher and national association to find
economic and time-saving technics for construction. Precast
concrete is one of them.

Precast concrete is the new construction technic that makes

construction speedy and economical on the large construction
projects.
  
PRECAST & CAST-IN-SITU

Precast & cast-in-situ concrete are the product produced by

casting concrete in a mould or formwork cured to get the strength
of RCC elements.

The precast concrete is transported to the construction site, lifted

and positioned at the predetermined place.

The cast-in-situ concrete is a standard concrete which is poured

into the specific formwork on the site and cured to get the
strength of RCC elements.
 1. DEFINITION

Precast Concrete
According to ‘Precast Concrete Institute, U.S.A’ (Published in: Designing with
Precast and Prestressed Concrete), precast concrete is cast into a specific shape at a
location other than building site like factories. The concrete is placed into a form,
typically wood or steel, and is cured. These components are then transported to the
construction site for erection into place. Precast concrete can be plant-cast or site-
cast.

Cast-in-situ Concrete
According to ‘Edward Allen and Joseph Iano’ (Author of Fundamental of Building
Construction Materials & Methods), cast-in-situ concrete is cast into forms on the
building site. It offers unlimited possibilities to the designer for any shape
formation with a limitless selection of surface textures
 02. CASTING
 
Precast Concrete

1.In the precast concrete, elements are manufactured in a controlled casting

environment and hence it is easier to control mix, placement and curing.
2. Elements can be cast in advance and held until the hour you need them,
thereby saves time.
3. Weather condition has no effect on casting work.

Cast-in-situ Concrete

1.In the cast-in-situ concrete, column, slab etc. elements are casted on site in the open
environment and hence it is difficult to control mix, placement and curing.
2.Elements cannot be casted in advance.
3.Weather condition can delay the casting work.
 03. QUALITY CONTROL

Precast Concrete
Quality can be controlled and maintained easily.

Cast-in-situ Concrete
Quality control and maintenance is difficult.
 
 04. COST

• Precast Concrete
• Precast concrete is cheaper form of construction if large
structures are to be constructed.
• Maintenance cost of precast concrete structure is higher.

• Cast-in-situ Concrete
• In situ concrete is cheaper form of construction for small
structures.
• Maintenance cost of cast-in-situ concrete structure is less
compared to the precast concrete structure.
 05. REQUIREMENT OF WORKER & MACHINERY

Precast Concrete
•Less labours are required.
•Skilled labours are required at construction site.
•Skilled and technical contractor is required for construction of the precast
concrete structure.
•Precast concrete requires heavy machinery and cranes for handling i.e.
lifting and installation of heavy elements
•Cast-in-situ Concrete
•More labours are required.
•Skilled labours are required at construction site.
•Local contractors can also build the structure.
•Cast-in-situ concrete does not require such handling equipment.
 06. STRENGTH

• Precast Concrete
• Precast concrete construction is quick as it can be installed immediately and
there is no waiting for it to gain strength.
• Increase in strength can be achieved by accelerated curing.
• On site strength test is not required.
• High strength concrete can be used because it is in controlled condition.
• Cast-in-situ Concrete
• In situ concrete construction is slow as gaining of strength requires time.
• Increase in strength at situ by accelerated curing is a difficult task.
• On site strength test is required.
• It will difficult to use high strength concrete as it depends on site condition and
resources available.
 07. TIME OF CONSTRUCTION

Precast Concrete
•Total construction time is less as compared to cast-in-situ.
•Speedy construction is possible.
Cast-in-situ Concrete
•Total construction time is more as compared to precast.
•Speed is less as elements are casted at site.
 08. TECHNICAL POINTS

Precast Concrete
•Large number of joints in structural system.
•Less resistant to Earthquake and wind forces not recommended where seismic
loads are dominant.
•In precast concrete construction, details at the joint become very critical and
needs careful attention.
•The elements have to be designed for handling stress or loads during handling,
which may or may not increase steel.
•Elements of varying lengths and shape can be developed.
•Precast concrete does not offer a monolithic architectural character.
Cast-in-situ Concrete
•Less number of joints present in structural system.
•More resistant to earthquake and wind forces.
•Elements cannot be casted in advance.
•Elements are not to be designed for any such loads or stress.
•There is constraint in length and shape of element.
•In situ concrete offers a monolithic architectural character.
 09. SURFACE FINISHING

• Precast Concrete
• According to ‘Bulletin of American Concrete Institute‘ (1993),
precast concrete gives smooth interior finish hence they need
minimum preparation before paint, wallpaper etc. or the other
wall coverings can be applied directly.
• Cast-in-situ Concrete
• In the cast-in-situ concrete construction, you have to
do plaster for the smooth finish and also requires pre-preparation
for a paint like wall putty etc.
 10. POINTS TO BE TAKEN CARE OF

Precast Concrete
•One has to meticulous during work with precast concrete
because the precast unit can be damaged during transportation
and handling.
Cast-in-situ Concrete
•In the cast-in-situ concrete construction, be careful about
following points:
01. During the concreting process like mixing, transportation,
placing, finishing etc.
02. Curing of concrete for certain time etc.
 11. CONCLUSION

• In the final note, precast & cast-in-situ concrete both are the

easy construction technics. Both methods have their advances
such as precast concrete construction gives cost benefits on a
large project, quality assurance due to control casting
condition, reduces the high supervision of concreting process
like mixing, placing etc. at the construction site. On the other
side, cast-in-situ concrete is the conventional method for
concreting, it is very and largely used for construction, and
any local contractor can adopt this method.
 PRECAST ASSEMBLY PLANT

The concept of precast (also known as “prefabricated”) construction includes

those buildings, where the majority of structural components are
standardized and produced in plants in a location away from the building,
and then transported to the site for assembly
SAMPLE PRECAST
 CAST IN PLACE

Cast-in-situ Concrete Construction of

Slab
 12. TYPES OF PRECAST SYSTEMS

TYPES OF PRECAST SYSTEMS

Depending on the load-bearing structure, precast systems can be
divided into the following categories:  Large-panel systems
 Frame systems
 Slab-column systems with walls
 Mixed systems
 12.1 LARGE PANEL SYSTEMS

LARGE PANEL SYSTEMS The designation “large-panel system” refers to

multistory structures composed of large wall and floor concrete panels connected in
the vertical and horizontal directions so that the wall panels enclose appropriate
spaces for the rooms within a building
 12.2 FRAME SYSTEMS

FRAME SYSTEMS
•Precast frames can be constructed using either linear elements or spatial beam-
column sub-assemblages. Precast beam-column sub-assemblages have the
advantage that the connecting faces between the sub-assemblages can be placed
away from the critical frame regions.
 12.3 SLAB-COLUMN SYSTEMS WITH SHEAR WALLS

SLAB-COLUMN SYSTEMS WITH SHEAR WALLS

•These systems rely on shear walls to sustain lateral load effects,
whereas the slab-column
•structure resists mainly gravity loads. There are two main
systems in this category:
• Lift-slab system with walls
• Prestressed slab-column system
 13. PRECAST CONCRETE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
13.1 PRECAST SLABS

Precast Slabs
 13.2 PRECAST BEAM AND GIRDER

Precast Beam and Girder

 13.3 PRECAST COLUMN

Precast Column
 13.4 PRECAST WALLS

PRECAST WALLS
 13.5 OTHER ELEMENTS

PRECAST CONCRETE STAIR

 14. DESIGN CONCEPTS FOR PRECAST CONCRETE
BUILDINGS

The design concept of the precast buildings is based on the

buildability, economy and standardization of precast
components.