PRIOR LEARNING/STARTER

Most of you are able to

calculate number of moles of
acids and bases from given their
molar concentration and volume.

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 From the starter activity, what are we
learning today?

Title? Objectives?

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OXIDES
Acid and Bases
-Types of Oxides-
Many acids and alkali are formed by
dissolving oxides in water
 Key words

Oxides
Acidic
Basic
Amphoteric
Neutral
Neutralize
Limestone

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WHY ARE WE LEARNING THIS AND
WHERE CAN WE USE THIS IN THE
FUTURE?

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 Learning objectives

Define Oxides (Grade C)

List the types of oxides (Grade B)
Describe the characteristic
properties of oxides with examples
(Grade A)
Explain the effect of liming an
acidic soil (Grade A*)
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Learning objectives 1:

Define Oxides (Grade D)

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What is an oxide?

• An oxide is a Binary compound of

oxygen and another element or
• An oxide is a compound of oxygen
and another element.
• M&O
• Oxides can be classified in two ways-
1. Nature of oxide
2. Amount of oxygen present

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Task 1

Refer to worksheet

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 AFL TIME

L.O1: Define Oxides (Grade D)

• GREEN? YELLOW? RED?

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Learning objectives 2:

List the types of oxides (Grade C)

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TYPES OF OXIDES

• Most oxides can be grouped into four

types:
acidic oxides
basic oxides
amphoteric oxides
neutral oxides

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Task 2

Refer to worksheet

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 AFL TIME

L.O2: List the types of oxides

(Grade C)

• GREEN? YELLOW? RED?

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Learning objectives 3:

Describe the characteristic properties of

oxides with examples (Grade B)

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Acidic oxides

• O
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Acidic oxides

SO3 + H2O H2SO4

• R
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Acidic oxides

• React with bases and alkalis to produce salts

Example:
carbon dioxide + sodium hydroxide sodium carbonate + water

CO2 + 2NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O

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Examples of acidic oxides

Acid Produced with

Acidic Oxide Formula
Water
sulphur trioxide SO3 sulphuric acid, H2SO4

sulphur dioxide SO2 sulphurous acid, H2SO3

carbon dioxide CO2 carbonic acid, H2CO3

phosphorous(V)
P4O10 phosphoric acid, H3PO4
oxide

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Basic oxides

• Oxides of metal
• Basic oxides are often solids at room
temperature.
• Most basic oxides are
insoluble in water.

Calcium oxide (quicklime)

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Basic oxides

• React with acids to produce salts and

water only.

Example:
Magnesium oxide + hydrochloric acid magnesium chloride + water

MgO + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2O

This is a neutralisation reaction

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Examples of basic oxides

Basic Oxide Formula

magnesium oxide MgO

sodium oxide Na2O

calcium oxide CaO

copper(II) oxide CuO

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Amphoteric oxides

• Oxides of metal
• Can behave as acidic oxides
or as basic oxides

Zinc oxide

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Amphoteric oxides

• React with acids and alkalis to produce salts

Example: aluminium oxide (Al2O3)
• aluminium oxide as a base

aluminium + hydrochloric aluminium

+ water
oxide acid chloride

• aluminium oxide as an acid

aluminium sodium sodium +

+ hydroxide water
oxide aluminate

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Neutral oxides

• Non-metals that form oxides that show neither

basic nor acidic properties.
• Insoluble in water.

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Examples of neutral oxides

Neutral Oxide Formula

water H2O

carbon monoxide CO

nitric oxide NO

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Task 3

Refer to worksheet

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 AFL TIME

L.O3: Describe the characteristic properties

of oxides with examples (Grade B)

• GREEN? YELLOW? RED?

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Learning objectives 4:

Explain the effect of liming an acidic soil

(Grade A/A*)

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Soil pH

• Soil pH, or soil reaction, is an indicator of

the acidity or alkalinity of soil and is
measured in pH units.

• Extremely and strongly acid soils (pH 4.0-

5.0) can have high concentrations of
soluble aluminium, iron and manganese,
which may be toxic to the growth of some
plants

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Soils tend to become acidic as a result of:

• rainwater leaching away basic ions

(calcium, magnesium, potassium and
sodium)
• carbon dioxide from decomposing organic
matter and rain water forming weak
organic acids
• decay of organic matter and ammonium
and sulfur fertilisers.

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Effect of liming of soil

• The application of lime reduces soil

acidity (pH increases) which reduces
soluble aluminium and manganese to
nontoxic levels and creates a suitable
environment for rhizobium bacteria. The
application of lime to acid soils can affect
biological, chemical, and physical
properties of the soils.

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Limestone products

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Summary of limestone chemistry
Limestone and its products can be involved in various useful
chemical reactions:
 thermal decomposition of limestone
calcium calcium carbon
carbonate  oxide + dioxide

 production of slaked lime

calcium calcium
oxide + water  hydroxide

 using limewater to test for carbon dioxide.

calcium carbon calcium
hydroxide + dioxide  carbonate + water

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Types of liming

• Agricultural lime (calcium carbonate)

This is the most commonly used liming
material on the North Coast. It consists of
limestone crushed to a fine powder and is
usually the cheapest material for
correcting soil acidity. Good quality lime
has 37 - 40% calcium.

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Types of liming

• Burnt lime (calcium oxide)

Also known as quicklime, burnt lime is
derived by heating limestone to drive off
carbon dioxide. It is more concentrated
and caustic than agricultural lime and
unpleasant to handle, so is rarely used in
agriculture.

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Types of liming

• Hydrated lime (calcium hydroxide)

This is made by treating burnt lime with
water, and is used mainly in mortar and
concrete. It is more expensive than
agricultural lime.

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Safety Precautions in liming soil

• Always read and follow the manufacturer's

recommendations
• Use appropriate protection such as a dust
mask, and gloves
• The best way to adjust pH is gradually,
over several seasons
• Lime should be applied only when tests
show it to be necessary
• Do NOT over-lime! Lime adjusts soil
chemistry; it is not a fertiliser.
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Task 4

Refer to worksheet

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AFL TIME

L.O4: Explain the effect of liming an

acidic soil (Grade A/A*)

• GREEN? YELLOW? RED?

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How can we classify an unknown oxide?

YES NO

Fi
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It is either a basic or amphoteric oxide.

Soluble Insoluble

N
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It is either an acidic or neutral oxide.

Soluble Insoluble

N
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 Amphoteric oxide

What is an amphoteric oxide?

Back to first question

 Basic oxide

What is a basic oxide?

Cook an egg with calcium oxide

Back to first question

 Acidic oxide

What is an acidic oxide?

How does acidic oxide affects the a

tmosphere?

Back to first question

 Neutral oxide

What is an neutral oxide?

Back to first question

Back to the first slide