MCQ and SNQ Laser- Refraction

Fryad Henari
1-A laser is a device that emits ………. through a process of optical ………….based
on the …………..emission of electromagnetic radiation.
a) light, population, absorption,
b) Light, amplification, stimulated
c) Microwave, propagation, spontaneous
d) Microwave, amplification, stimulated
e) Radio wave, absorption, spontaneous
2- One of the following processes is not involved in moving electrons between
atomic levels
f) Population inversion
g) None radiative (heat) process
h) Stimulation absorption.
i) Spontaneous emission.
j) Stimulation emission.
3- The process in which photon interacting with an excited atom resulting of
emission of two photons moving in same direction is called
k) Metastable level decay.
l) Population inversion.
m) Stimulation absorption.
n) Stimulation emission.
o) Spontaneous emission
4- Which of the following processes is most needed in-order to make a
medium lasing?
a) Population inversion and Stimulation absorption
b) Spontaneous emission and Stimulation emission.
c) Spontaneous emission and Population inversion.
d) Stimulation emission and Population inversion.
e) Stimulation absorption and Spontaneous emission
  
5- Metastable state is an excited state of an atom, with a ……….. lifetime than
the other excited states and results in a………..number of excited atoms to
accumulated in the metastable state.
f) longer, shorter
g) Longer, large
h) Shorter, small
i) Shorter, zero.
j) Zero, small
6-Three important components in the laser
system are
1. ……………….
2. ……………….
3. ……………….
7- The active medium determines the type of the wavelength that can be
emitted from the laser device
a) True
b) False
 
8- The active medium can be
c) ……………
d) ……………..
e) ……………..
f) ……………..
 
9- Pumping (excitation mechanism) can be performed by
g) ………………..
h) ………………..
i) ………………..
10- Laser radiation (beam) characterization are
a) ……………..
b) ……………..
c) ……………..

11- In laser-tissue interaction mechanisms which of the

following mechanism not contribute to interaction :
d) Chemical properties of tissue
e) Laser properties
f) Mechanical properties of tissue
g) Optical properties of tissue.
h) Thermal properties of tissue
12- Which of the following laser wavelengths causing damage to retina
a) Blue light
b) Far infrared
c) Microwave
d) Near infrared
e) Ultraviolet.

 
13- The type of the wavelength can be used in vision correction (ex.
PRK/LASIK) is
 
f) Far infrared
g) Maser (microwave ).
h) Ultraviolet
i) Radio-wave
j) X-ray
14- The process of thermally removing tissue by certain
laser wavelength is called__________.
a) Carbonization.
b) Coagulation
c) Excision
d) Photoablation
e) Photochemical

15- The depth to which laser light penetrates tissue

depends on:
(a) The output power of the laser.
(b) The wavelength of the laser light.

16- Laser energy may interact with biological tissue in

number of ways. Which of the following is the most
important type of interaction in terms of the laser ability
to alter the target tissue?
f) Absorption.
g) Refraction
h) Reflection.
i) Scattering
j) Transmission.
17- Which of the following wavelength exhibit the least amount
of absorbance into tissue? 
a) 250 nm
b) 532 nm
c) 700 nm
d) 1064 nm
e) 10600 nm
 
18- Specular reflection occurs when the radiation wavelength  
f) is equal to the size of the surface irregularities.
g) Is much greater than the size of the surface irregularities.
h) Is much smaller than the size of the surface irregularities.
i) when the angle in incident is not equal to angle of reflection.
j) when the angle in incident is larger than critical angle.
19-If SaO2 = 100%
a) Highest absorbance is in red region of EM spectrum
b) Highest absorbance is in infrared region of EM spectrum
c) lowest absorbance is in infrared region of EM spectrum
d) the greater the value of R

20- If SaO2 = 0%
e) Highest absorbance is in red region of EM spectrum
f) Highest absorbance is in infrared region of EM spectrum
g) lowest absorbance is in red region of EM spectrum
h) the smaller the value of R
21- which of the following is not the properties of
laser:
a. all the photons are in phase
b. all the photons have the same wavelengths
c. it is monochromatic
d. it is highly divergent
e. it is highly collimated

22- After the first photons of light are produced,

which of the following process is responsible for
amplification of the light?
f. Blackbody radiation
g. K- Alpha emission
h. Stimulate absorption
i. Stimulated emission
j. Spontaneous emission
23-The most dangers laser wavelength that can penetrate through the
eye and causing retinal burns is ___________
 
a. far Infrared only
b. Green and near infrared
c. ultraviolet and far infrared
d. ultraviolet only
e. red and far infrared
 
24- The absorption of oxyhemoglobin is highest at
f. 300 nm
g. 700 nm
h. 660 nm
i. 500 nm
j. 910 nm.
25-The type of interaction that occurs within the tissue
depends on:
a. The amount of energy delivered to the tissue.
b. The time period over which the energy is delivered.
c. Exposed area
d. Operating mode of the laser, CW or pulsed.
e. All of the above

26- Laser energy is used to break up kidney or gallstones

in process called?
a) Trabecular plasty
b) Lithotripsy
c) Viscocanalostomy
 27- What type of laser could cause skin cancer if not used properly?
a) Red semiconductor laser
b) Blue semiconductor
c) Excimer laser
d) YAG laser
e) He-Ne laser

28- Under population inversion, the number of atoms in the

…………. energy state is …………. than in the…………..energy state.

a) higher, higher, lower

b) higher, lower, higher
c) higher, lower, lower
d) Lower, higher, lower
e) lower, lower, higher
29- The type of interaction of laser with live tissue
that takes place in low power density is________
a) Photothermal interaction
b) Photodynamic interaction
c) Photochemical interaction
d) Photo mechanical interactions
e) Photoabliation interactions
30-Compared to the core, the index of refraction of the cladding must be:
a) the same
b) greater
c) Less
31- If refractive index of water is 1.33 and of air is 1, value of critical angle for water at 90°
refracted angle should be
d) 45°
e) 48.8°
f) 51.6°
g) 56.6°
h) 59.8°

 32- Endoscope use to examine stomach is called

i) cystoscope
j) gastroscope
k) microscope
l) Bronchoscope
m) Thoracoscope
1- Describe what is meant by the terms: spontaneous and
stimulated emission of radiation, population inversion.
Describe the role each of these play in the structure and operation
of a laser.

2- A 60-Watt continuous wave Nd:YAG laser has a beam diameter of

3 mm. By considering the laser intensity at a distance of 1 metre,
describe why its effect on biological tissue is considerably more
dramatic than that of a 60 Watt reading lamp at the same distance.

3- How Fiber Optics Work?

4- Name types of interaction of laser light with living tissues, draw a

labeled diagram to show relation ship between intensity and
exposure time for each type.