SURFACE

DEVELOPMENT
USING CAD
 LIMITS

Construction of surface
development in CAD

Arrangement of design
in CAD
Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
Use of computer systems to assist
in the creation, modification,
analysis, and optimization of a
design
Typical tools:
 Tolerance analysis
 Mass property calculations
 Finite-element modeling and
visualization
Defines the geometry of the design
Computer-Aided Manufacturing
(CAM)
Use of computer systems to
plan, manage, and control
manufacturing operations
Direct or indirect computer
interface with the plant’s
production resources
Numerical control of machine
tools
Programming of robots
Computer-Aided Engineering
(CAE)
Use of computer systems to
analyze CAD geometry
Allows designer to simulate
and study how the product
will behave, allowing for
optimization
Finite-element method
(FEM)
 Divides model into
interconnected elements
 Solves continuous field
problems
Computer-Aided Design Process
Two types of activities: synthesis and
analysis
Synthesis is largely qualitative and hard to
capture on computer
Analysis can be greatly enhanced with
computers
Once analysis is complete, design
evaluation- rapid prototyping
Software packages for design optimization
Components of CAD/CAM/CAE
Systems
Major component is hardware
and software allowing shape
manipulation
Hardware includes graphic
devices and their peripherals
for input and output
operations
Software includes packages
that manipulate or analyze
shapes according to user
interaction
Components of CAD/CAM/CAE
Systems
 Hardware Components
Graphic device is composed of a display
processing unit, a display device, and one or
more input devices
Input devices:
 Mouse
 Space ball
 Data tablet with a puck or stylus
 Keyboard
Output Devices:
 Plotters
 Color laser printers
 Converting 2D to 3D drawings

Drawing products you want to

design in 3D can be a difficult.
A strategy that can help with
this is called oblique drawing.
Converting 2D to 3D drawings

A few key things to consider when

drawing from 2D to 3D using the
oblique method. 0 degrees

1. All horizontal lines need

90 degrees
to be at 90 degrees.

0 degrees

2. All vertical lines need

to be at 0 degrees.

45 degrees
3. All lines going back
(receding) to give the
appearance of depth need to be
at 45 degrees.
Converting 2D to 3D drawings

In this unit of work Task 1 - to make a simple object

from 2D to 3D format.
To enable you to draw your ideas
in 3D we are going to start with
simple shapes and as you develop
you skills and confidence more

there are a number

complex outlines.

of tasks to help you

Task 1 – simple
draw your ideas from 2D shapes to 3D
2D to 3D using
A box – 2D

In the next slides we are

going to draw a 3D box using in oblique format.
oblique drawing. It
2D Design programme- task 1

also aims to help to Task 2 – starting to apply design

features to the mobile phone holder.
Start to thinking about

develop your ideas in Task 2 – shaping

where
You
develop
Lets look
once you
now,how
canand
the phone –
section.atUse
horizontal
drawing
are
begin
remove
your
Start
vertical,
furthering
insimple
skillslines theand
to
to store
a
idea further,
with a
your
comfortable
3D
next box
lines
task
drawing using the oblique

3D format.
at 45 degrees.

simple 2D to 3D
drawing method.

ideas in oblique
format.
Task 3 – developing oblique drawing skills further to help
you draw the design features of the mobile phone holder.

Lets look at further ways

to convert 2D line
drawing into 3D shapes Task 3,4,&5 –
refining drawing
skills in oblique
techniques.

Task 1 - to make a simple object
from 2D to 3D format.
To enable you to draw your ideas
in 3D we are going to start with
simple shapes and as you develop
you skills and confidence more
complex outlines.

A box – 2D

In the next slides we are

going to draw a 3D box using
2D Design programme- task 1
Draw a horizontal line at 90
degrees
Draw a vertical line at 0 degrees
Another horizontal line at 90
degrees
Close the 2D box by drawing
another vertical line at 0 degrees
To give the box depth draw a
line at the base at 45 degrees
Draw another a line at the top at
45 degrees
Draw another a line at the top at
45 degrees on the other side.
Draw a horizontal line at the
back to complete the box.
Oblique Drawing

Completed box in
45° oblique format
In the next tasks we are going
to apply the oblique drawing
technique to other shapes.

The next task is to start

drawing design features
for a product to hold a
mobile phone holder.

Illustrations by
A.King
Task 2 – starting to apply design
features to the mobile phone holder.
Start to thinking about
where
You now,how
canand begin to
to store
develop
the phone – remove
your
Start
a
idea further,
with a
section.
Lets look
once youatUse vertical,
furthering
are your
comfortable
horizontal
drawing insimple
skillslines theand 3D
next box
lines
task
drawing using the oblique
at 45 degrees.
drawing method.
Draw a horizontal line at 90
degrees
Draw a vertical line at 0 degrees
What kind of line is drawn here?
What kind of line is drawn here?
What kind of line is drawn here?
Draw further lines at 45 degrees
Draw in the horizontal lines.
Task 3 – developing oblique drawing skills further to help
you draw the design features of the mobile phone holder.

Lets look at further ways

to convert 2D line
drawing into 3D shapes
Can you convert this 2D shape to a 3D Oblique
drawing?
• draw lines at 45 degrees to give your depth or
3D in the object.
• draw horizontal line to complete the drawing.
Add shading added to produce a 3D
effect.
Task 4 - can you draw this idea in
oblique for a mobile phone holder? or
follow the steps on the next slides.
Add colour and shading to enhance
the 3D effect.
Task 5 – can you improve the design of
this mobile phone holder? Draw a
range of ideas, try to be innovative but
remember it must be functional too.
 A recap of the
oblique technique