SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

PUNE-411041

PRODUTION OF LIQUID AND VAPORIZED

PERFUME
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Presented By-

Under The Noble Guidance Of Manish Bhadane- 406A076

Reshma Tayade - 406A070
Prof. Dr. J.G.Gujar- SCOE, Pune
 DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
WORK PLAN FOR BE (2021-22)

TITLE: “PRODUCTION OF LIQUID AND VAPORIZED PERFUME”

SEMISTER - 1
Sr.No. Topics to be completed Scheduled Month
1. Project title and introduction 01 August to 10 August
2. Literature Survey: 11 August to 15 September
1) Process Selection
2) Description
3. Phase 1 project presentation preparation 16 September to 17 September
4. Material Balances 18 September to 10 Octomber

5. Energy Balances 02 Octomber to 15 Octomber

6. Thermodynamics 16 Octomber to 30 Octomber
7. Process Equipment Design 31 Octomber to 25 November
8. Phase 2 project presentation preparation 25 November to 8 December

SEMISTER - 2
Sr. No. Topics to be completed Scheduled Month
1. Project Costing 10 January to 05 February
2. Phase 3 project presentation preparation 14 February to 15 March

Name of Student Group No. Roll No. Signature

Manish Bhadane 406A076

Reshama Tayade G38 406A070

Dr. J. G. GUJAR Prof. V. H. BANKAR Dr. S. R. SHIRSATH

Project Guide PRC Member HOD
 CONTENTS

• Literature Review • Methods

• History • Advantages & Disadvantages

• Properties • Application

• Raw Materials • Future Scope

• Classification of Perfume • Conclusion

Literature Review

• Fragrances and flavors are well-known for their ability to tap into primordial
feeling and instincts, so marketers continue the search for new ways to tap
into and initiate their powerful influence.

• It’s no wonder why fragrances and flavors remain as relevant today as ever;
as do some of their formulation challenges.

• As a search of the latest fragrance research literature reveals, the industry

remains focused on improving fragrance duration/​release, as well as finding
label- friendly natural materials

• Interest­ingly, however, with the advent of genetic research applications,

flavor and fragrance preference profiling is now possible.
History

• Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt were the places where the people first starte
d making and using perfumes.
• Proof for this we found in ancient texts or archaeological findings. Cuneifor
m tablet from the 2nd millennium BC Mesopotamia mentions Tapputi-Belate
kallim, a female overseer of a palace and the first chemist in the world who al
so made perfumes
• She made perfumes from flowers, oil, and calamus which she mixed with oth
er aromatic substances
• Hindu Ayurvedic texts “Charaka Samhita” and “Sushruta Samhita” mention
“ittar” or “attar” - a natural perfume oil distilled from herbs.

Bylinsky, Gene. "Finally, A Good Aphrodisiac?" Fortune, October 21, 1991, p. 18.

Properties

• A smell is a molecule that floats in the air as it is very light.

• Materials used in the fragrances are generally semi volatile organic compound and mol-ecula
r weight of these organic compounds hardly exceeds 260 AMU.

• The very molecule that floats in the air does not have a smell or does not have enough
smell to be perceived by the human nose, e.g., Carbon Monoxide.

• Chemical reactions resulted by light can alter your perfume smell, as the energy present in lig
ht can break down the bonds present in molecules of the fragrance.

• Sunlight can damage your perfume and air can also corrode perfume fragrance because of oxi
dation.

• A perfume consists of 78 to 95 percent ethyl alcohol. 

Raphael, Anna. "Ahh! Aromatherapy." Delicious!, December 1994, pp. 47-48.
 Raw Materials

• Natural ingredients-flowers, grasses, spices, fruit, wood, roots, resins, balsams, leaves,
gums ,& animal secretions-as well as resources like alcohol, petrochemicals, coal, and coal
tars are used in the manufacture of perfumes.

• Some plants, such as lily of the valley, do not produce oils naturally. In fact, only about
2,000 of the 250,000 known flowering plant species contain these essential oils.

• Therefore, synthetic chemicals must be used to re-create the smells of non-oily substances.
Synthetics also create original scents not found in nature.

• Some perfume ingredients are animal products. For example, castor comes from beavers,
musk from male deer, and ambergris from the sperm whale.

• Animal substances are often used as fixatives that enable perfume to evaporate slowly and
emit odors longer. Other fixatives include coal tar, mosses, resins, or synthetic chemicals .
Green, Timothy. "Making Scents Is More Complicated Than You Think." Smithsonian, June 199
1, pp. 52-60.
 Classification of Perfume

Perfumes are classified into five major groups on the basis

of concentration of fragrance and duration of lasting.

Classification Percent of aromatic Duration (hours)

Perfume( Perfume) 20-30 6-8

Eau de Perfume 15-20 4-5
Eau de Toelette 5-15 2-3
Eau de cologle 2-4 2
Eau fraiche 1-3 2

Iverson, Annemarie. "Ozone." Harper's Bazaar, November 1993,

 Methods

1. Collection
• Before the manufacturing process begins, the initial ingredients must be brought to the manufacturing
center
• Collected the different flowers from our area for make perfume like Rose, Jasmine, Lavender, Tuberose,
plumeria, Lilly,peony, Jasmine,Violet

• Plant substances are harvested from around the world, often hand-picked for their fragrance.

• Animal products are obtained by extracting the fatty substances directly from the animal.

• Aromatic chemicals used in synthetic perfumes are created in the laboratory by perfume chemist.

2. Extraction
• Oils are extracted from plant substances by several methods:
1. steam distillation.
2. solvent extraction.
3. Enfleurage.
4. Maceration.
5. expression.
3. Blending
• Once the perfume oils are collected, they are ready to be blended together according to a formula determined by a maste
r in the field, known as a "nose.“
• After the scent has been created, it is mixed with alcohol. The amount of alcohol in a scent can vary greatly.
• Most full perfumes are made of about 10-20% perfume oils dissolved in alcohol and a trace of water.
• Colognes contain approximately 3-5% oil diluted in 80-90% alcohol, with water making up about 10%. Toilet water has
the least amount—2% oil in 60-80% alcohol and 20% water

4. Aging

• Fine perfume is often aged for several months or even years after it is blended.
• Following this, a "nose" will once again test the perfume to ensure that the correct scent has been achieve
d.
• Each essential oil and perfume has three notes: "Notes de tete," or top notes, "notes de coeur," central or h
eart notes, and "notes de fond," base notes.
• Top notes have tangy or citrus-like smells; central notes (aromatic flowers like rose and jasmine) provide
body, and base notes (woody fragrances) provide an enduring fragrance. More "notes," of various smells,
may be further blended.
Bylinsky, Gene. "Finally, A Good Aphrodisiac?" Fortune, October 21, 1991, p. 18.
Produce perfume by Steam Distillation
Advantages & Disadvantages

• Advantages
1. Enhances Mood. (One of the main benefits of wearing perfume is enhancing the mood.)
2. Boosts Confidence.
3. Makes You Attractive.
4. Aphrodisiac.
5. Boosts Health

• Disadvantages
• Exposure to fragrance chemicals can cause headaches; eye, nose, and throat i
rritation; nausea; forgetfulness; loss of coordination; and other respiratory an
d/or neurotoxic symptoms.
• Many fragrance ingredients are respiratory irritants and sensitizers, which ca
n trigger asthma attacks and aggravate sinus conditions

Raphael, Anna. "Ahh! Aromatherapy." Delicious!, December 1994, pp. 47-48.

Future Scope

Perfume today are being made and used in different ways than in previous centuries.
Perfumes are being manufactured more and more frequently with synthetic chemicals
rather than natural oils. Less concentrated forms of perfume are also becoming
increa-singly popular. Combined, these factors decrease the cost of the scents,
encouraging more widespread and frequent, often daily, use.
Conclusion

• The ultimate decisive element for the perfume is fragrance and quality of the perfume

• Each perfume fragrance has its own characheristics.

• If any marketer comes up with the best quality fragrance then it has the probability of
success.
THANK YOU