Introduction to DBMS

Subject Incharge: Mohini Misale

• Data
• Difference between data and information
• Define database
• What is DBMS?
Characteristics of DBMS
1. Data Integrity
2. Data Security
3. Data independence
4. Transaction Control-rollback
5. Concurrency control
6. Data recovery
Data Integrity
• Data integrity is the overall completeness, accuracy and consistency
of data.
• Changes made by authorized users.
• for eg: a user could accidentally try to enter a phone number into a
date field.
Data Security
• Protect database against accidental loss.
• Data in database should be given to authorized user
• For eg: only card holder have authority to withdraw money.
Data independence
• Data independence refers characteristic of being able to modify the
schema at one level of the database system without altering the
schema at the next higher level.
Transaction Control-rollback
• The changes made into database can be revert back with the help of
rollback command.
• the changes can be save succesfully using commit command.
Concurrency control
• Data can be use by multiple user at the same point of time.
• for eg: multiple transactions can be executed simultaneously.
Data recovery
• It is Process of restoring Database into orignal State after datbase
failure.
File
File System
System v/s Database System
Database System
File system is a collection of data. In this system, the
user has to write the procedures for managing the
database.
File system does not support multi-user access.
Data consistency is less in the file system.
File system is not secured.
File system is used for storing the unstructured data.
In the file system, data redundancy is high.
These system does not provide concurrency facility.
No data backup and recovery process is present in a
file system.
Example: NTFS (New technology file system), EXT
(Extended file system), etc.
DBMS is a collection of data. In DBMS, the user is not
required to write the procedures.
Database Management System supports multi-user
access.
Data consistency is more due to the use of
normalization.
Database Management System is highly secured.
Database management system is used for storing the
structured data.
In DBMS, Data redundancy is low.
This system provides concurrency facility.
There is a backup recovery for data in DBMS.
Example: Oracle, MySQL, MS SQL Server, DB2,
Microsoft Access, etc.
Database Users
• There are four type of users

1. Native user
2. Application user
3. Sophisticated user
4. Specialized users
Database Architecture

• Two tier architecture

3-tier Architecture
System Architecture
Database Administrator
• DBA is responsible for planning of companys data resources for the
desinging of data...etc.
Responsibility of DBA
• desinging Schema
• selecting and installing database software and hardware
• it select suitable DBMS s/w like oracle, MySQL,...etc.
• dealing with recovery issues.
• operation management
Data Abstraction/ ANSI/SPARC Architecture:

• The main purpose of database system is, to provide users with an abstract view of the data.
I.e. system hides certain details of how the data are stored and maintained in database.
• - Data Abstraction Levels:
• - Database developer hides the design complexity of data from users through several level
of abstraction, to simplify user interaction with the system.

Three level of abstraction:

• 1. Physical level
• 2. Logical level
• 3. View level.
Instance/Schema:
• Collection of information stored in the database at a particular
moment is called an instance of the database.
• Overall design of the database is called database schema.
Example : Structure of an Employee table:
Data Independence:
• A DBMS may change the structure of the data without having to
change the application programs.

• Types of independence:
1. Physical data Independence
2. Logical data Independence
Thank You......................