THE LEARNER

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 The Learner: Man
does not live by
bread alone
is an embodied spirit
is a union of sentient body
and a rational soul
the body of experiences,
sensations and feels
pleasure and pain
The soul is the principle of spiritual acts, the source of
intellectual abstraction, self-reflection and free rational
volition. Body and soul exist in mutual dependence.
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The Fundamental Equipment
of the Learner

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1. Cognitive Faculties

a. the five senses

b. instinct
c. imagination – the learner forms
representations of material objects which
are not actually present to the senses

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d.memory – the learner is able to
retain, recall, and recognize past
mental acts
e. intellect – the learner can form
concepts or ideas, makes
judgment and reason out

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2. Appetitive Faculties

a. feelings and emotions –

the learner experiences the pleasantness
and unpleasantness, the pain and the joy of
doing the activity.

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b. will – serves as the guiding force and
the main integrating force in the learner’s
character
- the learner wills what his/her intellect
presents as good and bad

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Five Distinguishing Elements

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1. Ability
Dictates the prospects of success to any
purposeful activity
It determines their capacity to understand and
assimilate information for their own use and
application

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Through this, they are classified into fast,
average and slow learner; others are labeled
high, moderate and slow achievers
As to their mental ability, students are
classified as superior, above average and
below average

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1. Aptitude
refers to the students’ innate or gift
It indicates a natural capacity to learn
certain skills as painting and designing
crafts, propensity for music and designing
arts

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3. Interest
inclination
the presence of interest clubs in
schools would cater to their
interests

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4. Family and Cultural Background
Students from different SOCIOECONOMIC
BACKGROUND manifest a wide range of
behavior due to differences in upbringing
practices.
Participation in CLASSROOM activities
are influenced by their HOME TRAINING
and experiences.

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5. Attitudes
unique way of thinking and
reacting
refer to an individual’s
perspective and disposition

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Some Positive Attitudes
a. Curiosity
eagerness to learn; anxious to know more about an
object or event; endlessly questioning until they get
the right information
learners keep on searching for answers or evidences
rather that remain inattentive and disinterested in
what is happening in the learning environment

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b. Responsibility

Responsible students pursue assigned task to

completion despite personal constraints.
Accountable for their actions and decision.
Answerable for their conduct in the classroom.

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c. Creativity
Students with creative minds are capable
of GENERATIVE over ideas of doing
things.
Think of new ways of solving the
problem.

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d. Persistence

Sustain interest in a learning activity not

mindful of extra time and effort being spent.
Pursue the task to complete and never give up
when CONFRONTED with PROBLEMS.

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Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences

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1.Verbal- Linguistic

speak or write effectively

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2. Logical-Mathematical
Intelligence
work effectively with
numbers and reason
effectively

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3. Spatial Intelligence
create visually and
visualize accurately

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4. Bodily-Kinesthetic
Use the hands to fix or
create and use the body
expressively

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5. Musical Intelligence
create music and analyze
music

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6. Interpersonal Intelligence
Work with people and
overcome problems
(Therapists and Psychologists

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7. Intrapersonal Intelligence
Meditate, reflect, exhibit
self-discipline, maintain
composure and get the
most of one self

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8. Naturalist Intelligence
Analyze ecological or natural
situations and data (ecologists and
rangers, learn from living things),
(zoologists, botanist, veterinarian)
and work in natural settings

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Learning Styles

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1. Sensing-Thinking (ST) or Mastery Learner

Prefers to learn by:

 Seeing tangible results
 Practicing what he/she has learned
 Following directions one at a time
 Being active rather than passive
 Knowing exactly what is expected of
him/her, how well the task must be
done and why

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Learns best from:

 Drill
 Demonstration
 Practice
 Hands on Experience

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 Doing things that have immediate practical use
 Doing things that have immediate practical use
 Being acknowledge for thoroughness and
 Being acknowledge for thoroughness and
detail
 detail
Being praised for prompt and complete work
 Being praised for prompt and complete work
 Immediate feedback (rewards, privileges, etc.
 Immediate feedback (rewards, privileges, etc.

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 Dislikes
 Completing task for which there are no practical use
 Activities that require imagination and intuition
 Activities with complex directions
 Open-ended activities without closure or payoff
 Activities that focus on feelings or other imaginable
results

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2. The Intuitive –Thinking (NT) or Understanding
Prefers to learn by:

 Studying ideas and how things are related

 Planning and carrying out a project of his/her
own making and interest
 Arguing or debating a point based on logical
analysis
 Problem-solving that requires collecting,
organizing and evaluating data

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Learns best from:

 Lecture
 Reading
 Logical discussion and debate

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 Time to plan and organize his/her work
 Working independently or with other
individuals
 Working with ideas and things that challenge
him/her think , to explore, to master

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 Dislikes

 Routine or rote assignments

 Memorization
 Concern for details
 Rigid rules and predetermined procedures

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3. The Sensing-Feeling (SF) or Interpersonal Learning
Prefers to learn by:
 Studying about things that directly affect
people’s lives rather impersonal facts or theories
 Receiving personal attention from teachers
 Being part of a team-collaborating with other
students
 Activities that help him/her learn about
himself/herself and how he/she feels about
things

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Learns best from:

 Group experience and project

 Loving attention
 Personal expression and
personal encounters
 Role playing

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 Receiving personal attention and encouragement
 Opportunities to be helpful in class
 Personal feedback
 Sharing personal feelings and experiences with
others

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 Dislikes

 Long periods of working silently

 Emphasis on factual detail
 Highly competitive games where someone
loses detailed and demanding routines

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4. The Intuitive-Feeling (IF) or Self-expressive Learner
Prefers to learn by:

 Being creative and using one’s imagination

 Planning and organizing the work in one’s
own creative ways
 Working on a number of things one at a time
 Searching for an alternative solutions to
problems beyond those normally considered
 Discussing real problems and real solutions

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Learns best from:

 Creative and artistic activities

 Open-ended discussion of
personal and social values
 Activities that enlighten and
enhance – myths, human
achievement, dramas, etc.

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 Contemplation
 Being able to learn through discovery
 Opportunity to plan and pursue own interests
 Recognition to personal insights and
discoveries

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 Dislikes

 Detailed and demanding routines

 Too much attention to detail
 Facts, memorization through learning
 Tasks with pre-determined answers

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