DC MOTORS

𝐄𝐚𝐫𝐥𝐲 𝐃𝐜 𝐌𝐨𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐅𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐞 𝐃𝐜 𝐌𝐨𝐭𝐨𝐫

 There are five major types of dc motors in general use:

I. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 separately excited dc motor

2. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 shunt dc motor
3. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 pennanent-magnet dc motor
4. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 series dc motor
5. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 compounded dc motor

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THE EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT
OF A DC MOTOR
THE EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT
OF A DC MOTOR 𝐅𝐈𝐆𝐔𝐑𝐄

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 The internal generated
voltage in this machine is
given by the equation Induced torque developed by
the machine is given by the
formula:

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THE MAGNETIZATION
CURVE
OF A DC MACHINE
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 SEPARATELY EXCITED
AND SHUNT DC
MOTORS

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 The equivalent circuit of a separately excited dc motor is shown in Figure 9- 5a,
and the equivalent circuit of a shunt dc motor is shown in Figure 9- 5b. A separately
excited dc motor is a motor whose field circuit is supplied from a separate

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(a) The equivalent circuit of a separately excited dc motor.
(b) The equivalent circuit of a shunt
dc motor, constant-voltage power supply, while a shunt dc motor is a motor whose field
circuit gets its power directly across the armature terminals of the motor. When
the supply voltage to a motor is assumed constant, there is no practical difference
in behavior between these two machines. Unless otherwise specified, whenever
the behavior of a shunt motor is described, the separately excited motor is
included, too. Part 02

The Kirchhoff 's voltage law (KVL) equation for the armature circuit of
these motors is
 THE TERMINAL CHARACTERISTIC OF A SHUNT DC MOTOR

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The two principal contributors to the magneto motive force in the machine are its field current and
its armature reaction.

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 SPEED CONTROL OF SHUNT DC MOTORS

I. Adjusting the field resistance RF (and thus the field flux)

2. Adjusting the tensional voltage applied to the armature.

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 THE PERMANENT-MAGNET
DC MOTOR

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 THE SERIES DC MOTOR

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 THE COMPOUNDED
DC MOTOR

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 𝐀 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐝𝐜 𝐦𝐨𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐚 𝐦𝐨𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡
𝐛𝐨𝐭𝐡 𝐚 𝐬𝐡𝐮𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐟𝐢𝐞𝐥𝐝.

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 𝐃𝐂 𝐌𝐎𝐓𝐎𝐑
𝐒𝐓𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐄𝐑

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 THE WARD·LEONARD
SYSTEM AND
SOLID·STATE SPEED
CONTROLLERS
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𝐀dvantage of the Ward-Leonard system is that it can "regenerate,"
or return the machine 's energy of moti on to the supply lines. If a
heavy load is
first raised and then lowered by the dc motor ofa Ward-Leonard
system, when the
load is falling, the dc motor acts as a generator, supplying power back
to the
power system. In this fashion, much of the energy required to lift the
load in the
first place can be recovered, reducing the machine's overall operating
costs.

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The disadvantages of a Ward-Leonard system should be obvious. One is that
the user is forced to buy three full machines of essentially equal ratings,
which is
quite expensive. Another is that three machines will be much less efficient
than
one. Because of its expense and relatively low efficiency, the Ward-Leonard
sys-
tem has been replaced in new applications by SCR-based controller circuits.

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 Protection Circuit Section

I. Current-limiting fuses,

2. An instantaneous static trip

3. An inverse-time overload trip,

4. An undefi!oltage trip,
5. Afield loss trip,
6. An overtemperature trip,

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 T𝐡𝐞 low-power e lectronics section contains the following
subsystems:

I. Speed regulation circuit.

2. Current-limiting circuit.

3. Acceleration/deceleration circuit.

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 DC MOTOR EFFICIENCY
CALCULATIONS

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 𝓎 ℴ 𝓊 :)
𝒯 𝒽𝒶 𝓃𝓀

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